|
| Nanomaterial | Dosages | Type of asphalt binder | Optimum content based on fatigue results | Fatigue
test | Test temperature | Mode of loading | References |
|
Nanoclay:
Cloisite 15-A and
Cloisite 30-B | 2%, 4%, and 6% by wt. of mix. | 60–70 pen grade | — | 4PBT | 5, 25°C | Controlled stress | Ameri et al. [79] |
Nanoclays did not have a significant effect on fatigue performance at low temperatures
Cloisite 15-A was more impressive at both temperatures in terms of fatigue life |
|
Nanoclay:
Cloisite-15A
Nanofill-15 | 0.7% by wt. of asphalt binder | 60–70 pen grade | — | ITFT | 5, 25°C | Controlled stress | Jahromi [80] |
| Nanoclays had a negative effect on the fatigue performance of the asphalt mixture at low temperatures for all loading conditions |
|
| Nanoclay | 3% by wt. of asphalt binder | PG 64-22 | — | DTCFT | 18°C | Controlled strain | Miglietta et al. [81] |
| The use of binders containing nanoclays augmented the fatigue properties of asphalt mixtures |
|
| Nano-TiO2 | 1%, 3%, and 5% by wt. of asphalt binder | 60–70 pen grade | 5% | ITFT | 5, 25, 40°C | Controlled stress | Shafabakhsh et al. [82] |
| Nano-TiO2 improved the fatigue performance of asphalt mixes by preventing crack generation and hindering the propagation of microcracks |
|
| Nano-TiO2 | 3% and 6% by wt. of asphalt binder | 85–100 pen grade | 6% | ITFT | 5°C | Controlled stress | Azarhoosh et al. [83] |
| The nano-modified asphalt mixture presented higher fatigue life than the control mixtures due to the improvement of cohesion energy and higher resistance to fatigue cracking in asphalt film |
|
| Nanocalcium carbonate (NCC) | 2% and 4% by wt. of asphalt binder | 85–100 pen grade | 4% | ITFT | 15°C | Controlled stress | Nejad et al. [84] |
| The fatigue life improved 41.4% and 55.8% for 2% and 4% NCC, respectively |
|
| Nanozinc oxide (ZnO) | 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% by wt. of asphalt binder | 85–100 pen grade | 7% | ITFT | 5°C | Controlled stress | Azarhoush et al. [85] |
| The asphalt mixtures containing ZnO had higher fatigue life than the control mixtures due to increased adhesion energy between the asphalt binder and aggregate |
|
| CNT | 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%, and 1.5% by wt. of asphalt binder | 60–70 pen grade | 1.5% | 4PBT | 25°C | Controlled strain | Ziari et al. [86] |
| CNT increased the fatigue life of the asphalt mixture. In other words, using CNT led to an increase in cumulative dissipated energy and a decrease in the average rate of damage propagation |
|
| CNT | 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.2%, and 1.5% by wt. of asphalt binder | 60–70 pen grade | 1.5% | 4PBT | 25°C | Controlled strain | Ameri et al. [87] |
| By increasing the CNT content, the plateau value (PV) decreased considerably, implying that CNT has a beneficial effect on the fatigue resistance of asphalt mixtures |
|
Graphene nanoplatelets
(GNPs) | 0.5%
by wt. of asphalt binder | 60–70 pen grade | — | ITFT | 25°C | Controlled stress | Shamami et al. [88] |
| The fatigue life improved by 55% due to the high specific surface area of GNPs and the high adhesion between the bitumen and aggregates |
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