Investigation on Dynamic Stability of Cement-Stabilized Expansive Soil Subgrades Subjected to Repeated Heavy-Haul Train Loads

Table 1

The physical and mechanical of virgin expansive soil and CSES.

Category	Parameter	Natural soil sample	Cement content
			3%	4%	5%
Particle size distributions (%)	>0.075 mm	5.4	20.5	21.1	23
	0.075–0.005 mm	50.3	52.2	55.8	55.0
	<0.005 mm	44.3	27.3	23.1	22.0
Swelling–shrinking characteristic	Free swelling ratio (%)	66	32	28	23
	Swelling ratio with loading (25 kPa)	6.8	0.1	0.06	<0
	Swelling ratio with loading (50 kPa)	6.7	<0	<0	<0
	Expansion force (kPa)	129	14	10	1
	Shrinkage coefficient	0.91	0.73	0.62	0.52
	Plastic limit (%)	10.2	10.2	11.9	11.2
Strength index	Cohesive force (kPa)	45	183	201	291
	Friction angle (°)	21.4	24.6	33.2	35.5
	Unconfined compressive strength test (7 days) (kPa)	44	866	1,018	1,170
Water-related stability coefficient	Degree of compaction (0.90)	0.18	0.81	0.84	0.83
	Degree of compaction (0.95)	0.25	0.85	0.88	0.89