Temporal Variation and Spatial Heterogeneity in Boarding/Alighting Patterns at Urban Railway Stations: Implications for Estimating Optimal Construction Scale—A Case Study in Seoul, South Korea

Table 2

Literature review of spatiotemporal travel patterns at railway stations.

Research	Research objective	Data	Methodology
Liang et al. [8]	Developing fare adjustment strategies for peak-hour congestion alleviation	Train operation schedule data	Bilevel model
Yu et al. [9]	Analysis of heterogeneity in peak travel patterns at each railway station and its relationship with land use	Smart card data	Clustering method
Huang et al. [10]	Development of peak-hour LRT ridership estimation method based on accessibility	Socioeconomic attributes, land-use attributes	Weighted linear regression model
Li et al. [11]	developing short- to medium-term passenger flow forecasting models for metro stations	Smart card data	Hybrid model, ARIMA
Wang et al. [12]	Development of coordinated operations for peak-hour railway stations to minimize passenger delays	Simulation data	Mathematical optimization method
Gulhan et al. [13]	Development of UPT accessibility metrices at the planning stage	OD, network	Timetable-based assignment
Gutiérrez et al. [14]	Development of station-level boarding and alighting prediction models integrated with GIS data	Socioeconomic attributes, network, station-specific boarding volume, etc.	Distance-decay weighted regression model