Research Article

Intraoperative Touch Imprint Cytology of Brain Neoplasms: A Useful High-Diagnostic Tool in 93 Consecutive Cases; Differential Diagnoses, Pitfalls, and Traps

Table 1

Patient demographics and histopathologic characteristics.

General category interpretationNumber of cases (%)Sex (M/F)Median age (years)TIC + SP + biopsy/only biopsy/cytology (%)Correct diagnosis; misdiagnoses/accuracy = n

A-neoplastic-primary tumors
 A.1-Glial/glioneural tumors or lesions32/1648.8 (±20.8)37 (77.1)/11 (22.9)
  Glioblastoma, IDH-wild type, Grade 424 (16.7)1/15
  Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, Grade 41 (0.7)
  Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, Grade 23 (2.1)0/3
  Astrocytoma, Grade 27 (4.9)0/7
  Pilocytic astrocytoma, Grade 14 (2.8)0/4
  Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, Grade 32 (1.4)0/2
  Pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas1 (0.7)
  Spinal ependymoma1 (0.7)0/1
  Supratentorial ependymoma, Grade 31 (0.70/1
  Gliosis2 (1.4)0/1
  Radiation-induced change1 (0.7)0/1
  Cortical tubers1 (0.7)0/1
A.2-Nonglial tumors or lesions20/2849.9 (±19.8)11 (22.9)/37 (77.1)
  Meningioma, meningothelial, Grade 110 (6.9)0/4
  Meningioma, fibrous type, Grade 15 (3.5)0/5
  Meningioma, psammomatous, Grade 11 (0.7)0/1
  Meningioma, angiomatous, Grade 12 (1.4)0/1
  Atypical meningioma, Grade 24 (2.8)0/4
  Schwannoma, Grade 14 (2.8)0/2
  Neurofibroma, Grade 11 (0.7)0/1
  Hybrid nerve sheath tumor, Grade 11 (0.7)0/1
  Hemangioblastoma, Grade 12 (1.4)1/0
  Pituitary adenoma10 (6.9)0/1
  Pituitary apoplexy2 (1.4)0/1
  Hydatid cyst1 (0.7)0/1
  Hemangioma2 (1.4)0/1
  Medulloblastoma, non-WNT/non-SHH, Grade 41 (0.7)
  Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, Grade 41 (0.7)0/1
  Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, Grade 41 (0.7)
B-Neoplastic-metastatic tumors32/1655.4 (±13.6)31 (64.6)/15 (31.3)/2 (4.2)
 Metastatic lung carcinomas19 (13.2)0/14
 Metastatic breast carcinoma8 (5.6)0/3
 Metastatic colorectal carcinomas3 (2.1)0/2
 Metastatic (other) gastrointestinal carcinomas3 (2.1)0/3
 Metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinomas1 (0.7)0/1
 Metastatic thyroid carcinomas2 (1.4)0/1
 Metastatic ovarian carcinomas2 (1.4)0/1
 Metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary1 (0.7)
 Metastatic melanoma2 (1.4)
 Hematolymphoid neoplasm6 (4.1)3/2
 Metastatic sarcomas1 (0.7)0/1
Total cases144 (100)5/88

F; female, M; male, TIC; touch imprint cytology, SP; squash preparations.