The Influence of Prefermentation Skin Contact, Stabulation, and Skin Fermentation on the Aromatic Behaviour and Phenolic Compounds of Important Austrian White Wine Cultivars
Table 6
Average content of volatile and phenolic compounds and the sum parameters of Grüner Veltliner variants (15°C) (the entire dataset is shown in Table S8).
GV C 15°C
GV 12 h SC 15°C
GV PMF 15°C
GV FMF 15°C
Rotundone (ng/l)
4a ± 1
5b ± 0
30d ± 0
28c ± 1
3MHA (ng/l)
2a ± 1
9b ± 2
30c ± 5
28c ± 5
3MH (ng/l)
150 ± 6
155 ± 8
159 ± 6
151 ± 6
IBMP (ng/l)
<2
2 ± 0
2 ± 0
2 ± 0
Sum free monoterpenes (μg/l)
6.6a ± 0.2
9.0b ± 0.5
13.9c ± 0.3
14.7c ± 0.8
Sum aromatic esters (μg/l)
4.5a ± 0.1
7.1c ± 0.6
6.1bc ± 0.7
5.3ab ± 0.5
Sum acetate esters of higher alcohols (μg/l)
673.2b ± 16.0
1.211, 5c ± 95.1
402.4a ± 5.1
434.2a ± 13.7
Sum ethyl esters of carboxylic acids with an even number of C atoms (μg/l)
3.178, 0b ± 77.0
3.515, 1c ± 225.8
1.245, 0a ± 41.1
1.362, 6a ± 83.8
Sum esters of higher alcohols and medium-length chain carboxylic acids (μg/l)
7.4 ± 0.1
7.9 ± 0.2
7.4 ± 0.2
7.4 ± 0.2
Sum ethyl esters of carboxylic acids with an odd number of C atoms (μg/l)
1.8a ± 0.1
2.4b ± 0.2
3.6c ± 0.2
3.5c ± 0.2
Sum ester of branched carboxylic acids (μg/l)
6.2 ± 0.3
7.1 ± 0.4
5.9 ± 0.8
6.8 ± 0.5
Sum isoamyl ester of medium-long chain carboxylic acids (μg/l)
1.9b ± 0.1
2.2c ± 0.1
1.5a ± 0.2
1.4a ± 0.1
Sum methyl esters (μg/l)
4.2 ± 0.2
4.7 ± 0.3
4.6 ± 0.3
4.8 ± 0.2
Sum minor esters (μg/l)
3.877, 1b ± 87.8
4.757, 9c ± 281.7
1.676, 4a ± 43.5
1.826, 0a ± 97.2
Sum higher alcohols (mg/l)
97.56a ± 6.58
102.09a ± 3.97
149.57b ± 3.34
159.46c ± 2.14
Sum C6 compounds (mg/l)
0.80a ± 0.02
0.80a ± 0.01
1.05b ± 0.06
1.09b ± 0.01
Sum major ethyl esters (mg/l)
72.09 ± 4.19
71.79 ± 1.32
66.44 ± 2.70
65.04 ± 2.14
Sum carbonacids (mg/l)
32.40b ± 0.77
35.13c ± 1.31
15.17a ± 0.80
16.77b ± 1.45
Total phenols (g/l)
0.06a ± 0.00
0.07b ± 0.00
0.15c ± 0.01
0.14b ± 0.01
GV C: control; GV 12 h SC: 12 h of prefermentation skin contact; GV PMF: partial mash fermentation; GV FMF: full mash fermentation. N = 3 per treatment variant. The same letter indicates no significant difference. The data were analysed with one-way analysis of variance with the Benjamin–Hochberg correction followed by the Tukey B test for pairwise comparisons ().
