The Effect of Clopidogrel and Ticagrelor on Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation Potential: In Vitro Comparative Study

Figure 4

Calcium deposition, as a final product of the osteogenic differentiation process, was assessed using Alizarin Red S staining on day 21 (Mag. 100×). Scale bar: 250 μm. (a) Control, (b) ticagrelor (TICA), (c) clopidogrel (CLP), (d) osteogenic medium, and (e) absorbance values (after stain solubilization) reported as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. significant difference of the respective group compared to the control. ^# significant difference of the respective group compared to the osteo group. ^$ significant difference of the respective group compared to the CLP group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments.

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