Aquaculture Research

Research Article

The Effects of Different Levels of Potassium Diformate and Calcium Diformate on Growth, Digestion Enzyme Activity, Antioxidant Capacity, Intestinal Flora, Stress Markers, and Some Serum Biochemical Analytes in Juvenile Beluga Huso huso

Table 4

Antioxidant responses in H. huso fed feed supplemented with different levels of potassium diformate and calcium diformate for 60 days.


Parameters	Groups	Day 0	Day 30	Day 60

Catalase (U/mg)	Control	1.91 ± 0.77^Aa	1.12 ± 0.39^Ab	1.85 ± 0.51^Ac
	Potassium diformate 0.1	1.43 ± 0.25^C,a	4.1 ± 1.36^Aa	2.11 ± 0.32^Bb
	Potassium diformate 0.15	1.04 ± 0.3^B,a	3.7 ± 0.25^Aa	2.87 ± 0.07^ABb
	Potassium diformate 0.2	0.04 ± 1.4^B,a	0.95 ± 0.34^Bb	2.53 ± 0.21^Ab
	Calcium diformate 0.1	1.60 ± 0.14^B,a	1.31 ± 0.51^Bb	3.45 ± 0.36^Aa
	Calcium diformate 0.15	1.33 ± 0.26^B,a	0.98 ± 0.27^Bb	4.28 ± 0.67^Aa
	Calcium diformate 0.2	1.92 ± 0.32^B,a	1.0 ± 0.26^Bb	4.49 ± 0.86^Aa

Superoxide dismutase (U/mg)	Control	4.61 ± 0.31^Aa	4.17 ± 0.83^Ab	4.87 ± 0.4^Ab
	Potassium diformate 0.1	4.6 ± 0.8^Aa	5.86 ± 0.36^Aab	5.13 ± 1.29^Ab
	Potassium diformate 0.15	4.79 ± 1.33^a	7.7 ± 0.23^Aa	4.78 ± 1.05^Ba
	Potassium diformate 0.2	4.67 ± 0.18^Aa	5.47 ± 1.85^Aab	4.9 ± 0.75^Ab
	Calcium diformate 0.1	4.19 ± 0.84^Aa	4.01 ± 0.6^Ab	4.78 ± 0.78^Ab
	Calcium diformate 0.15	4.86 ± 0.63^Ba	7.58 ± 2.32^Aa	7.8 ± 1.1^Aa
	Calcium diformate 0.2	4.52 ± 1.11^Aa	3.44 ± 1.13^Ab	5.21 ± 0.64^Ab

Glutathione (U/mg)	Control	0.15 ± 0.05^Aa	0.11 ± 0.03^Ac	0.12 ± 0.05^Ab
	Potassium diformate 0.1	0.16 ± 0.06^Aa	0.18 ± 0.08^Ac	0.17 ± 0.07^Ab
	Potassium diformate 0.15	0.15 ± 0.05^Aa	0.17 ± 0.07^Ac	0.14 ± 0.04^Ab
	Potassium diformate 0.2	0.12 ± 0.02^Ba	0.13 ± 0.03^Bc	0.42 ± 0.12^Aa
	Calcium diformate 0.1	0.12 ± 0.02^Ba	0.21 ± 0.02^Abc	0.15 ± 0.07^Bb
	Calcium diformate 0.15	0.18 ± 0.06^Ba	0.24 ± 0.03^Ab	0.16 ± 0.06^Bb
	Calcium diformate 0.2	0.16 ± 0.06^Ba	0.52 ± 0.02^Aa	0.14 ± 0.04^Bb

Malondialdehyde (U/mg)	Control	16.89 ± 4.17^Aa	13.44 ± 2.7^Aa	15.11 ± 1.6^Aa
	Potassium diformate 0.1	13.77 ± 3.56^Aa	14.99 ± 4.06^Aa	17.13 ± 5.75^Aa
	Potassium diformate 0.15	13.8 ± 2.02^Aa	6.37 ± 1.23^Bb	7.46 ± 3.51^Bb
	Potassium diformate 0.2	15.32 ± 5.28^Aa	14.3 ± 4.64^Aa	5.29 ± 1.01^Bc
	Calcium diformate 0.1	13.08 ± 4.76^Aa	8.09 ± 2.14^Bb	5.88 ± 1.44^Bc
	Calcium diformate 0.15	12.76 ± 4.48^Aa	13.64 ± 3.9^Aa	8.15 ± 2.38^Bb
	Calcium diformate 0.2	14.66 ± 4.55^Aa	12.57 ± 2.9^Aa	8.83 ± 0.8^Bb

Different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences between each of the experimental groups at various sampling time points (row) (). Different capital letters denote significant differences between the experimental groups at a specified time point (column) (). Data were expressed as means ± SEM (n = 9).