Severity of Child Autistic Symptoms and Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Japan and USA: Cross-Cultural Differences

Figure 5

(a). Difference between the U.S. and Japan with respect to the quadratic association between parenting stress index (PSI) total score and the social communication questionnaire (SCQ) total score centered at sample mean. Note: (a) is a graphical display of the following fitted quadratic regression model: “mean (maternal stress level based on total parenting stress index score)” = “ 80.85 + 1.83 × (SCQ scores − 19.2) − 0.07 × (SCQ score − 19.2)²–1.68 × (Country) − 1.52 × [(SCQ score − 19.2) × Country] + 0.11 × [(SCQ score − 19.2)² × Country]” value for interaction between the country of residence and total SCQ score centered at sample mean = 0.08. (b). Difference between the U.S. and Japan with respect to the quadratic association between the child domain score of the parenting stress index (PSI) and social communication questionnaire (SCQ) total score centered at sample mean. Note: (b) is a graphical display of the following fitted quadratic regression model: “mean (maternal stress level based on parenting stress index child domain score)” = “92.07 + 1.13 × (SCQ scores − 19.2) − 0.07  × (SCQ  − 19.2)²–2.89 × (Country) − 0.80 × [(SCQ  − 19.2) × Country] + 0.05 × [(SCQ score − 19.2)² × Country]” value for the interaction between the country of residence and total SCQ score centered at sample mean = 0.38. (c). Difference between the U.S. and Japan with respect to the quadratic association between the parent domain score of the parenting stress index (PSI) and the social communication questionnaire (SCQ) total score centered at sample mean. Note: (c) is a graphical display of the following fitted quadratic regression model: “mean (maternal stress level based on parenting stress index parent domain score)” = “62.45 + 2.00 × (SCQ scores − 19.2) − 0.07  × (SCQ score − 19.2)² + 1.68 × (Country) − 2.22 × [(SCQ scores − 19.2) × Country] + 0.13 × [(SCQ score − 19.2)² × Country]”, value for the interaction between the country and total SCQ score centered at sample mean = 0.049.

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