Severity of Child Autistic Symptoms and Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Japan and USA: Cross-Cultural Differences

Table 4

Maternal parenting stress level based on mean parenting stress index (PSI) score and various examples of social communication questionnaire (SCQ) total scores and social responsiveness scale-2 (SRS-2) total T-scores by the country of residence using an interactive quadratic model.

Country	U.S.	Japan	U.S.	Japan	U.S.	Japan
Maternal stress	Mean PSI total score	Mean PSI total score	Mean PSI child domain score	Mean PSI child domain score	Mean PSI parent domain score	Mean PSI parent domain score
SCQ score ^a centered at sample mean = SCQ score−19.2
10–19.2 = −9.2	57.6	79.4	75.4	84.2	37.9	71.4
15–19.2 = − 4.2	71.8	78.5	86.0	87.4	52.8	66.1
20–19.2 = 0.8	82.3	79.4	92.9	89.4	64.0	64.0
25–19.2 = 5.8	88.9	82.2	96.1	90.2	71.6	65.0
30–19.2 = 10.8	91.9	86.8	95.5	89.8	75.6	69.0
SRS-2 total t-score centered at sample mean = SRS-2 total t-score−79.5
60–79.5 = −19.5	49.5	57.5	64.4	58.3	33.3	58.7
70–79.5 = −9.5	73.8	74.9	87.7	81.8	51.9	65.1
80–79.5 = 0.5	88.0	86.0	98.0	95.4	68.0	69.6
90–79.5 = 10.5	92.1	90.6	95.3	99.1	81.6	72.4
100–79.5 = 20.5	86.1	89.0	79.6	93.0	92.7	73.4

SCQ: social communication questionnaire, SRS-2: social responsiveness scale-2, and PSI: parenting stress index. ^aJapanese version of SCQ has one question less than the original SCQ. Since each question will be scored as 0 or 1, the corrected SCQ score was calculated for Japanese participants using the following formula: adjusted Japan SCQ score = (raw Japanese SCQ score/39) × 40.