Assessing Concordance of Results: A Comparative Study of the Manual and Automated Urinalysis Methods

Table 3

Comparison of urine chemistry results between manual and automated methods.

	Variables
	Automated
Manual	Urobilinogen	Normal	Raised	Blood	+ve	-ve	Bilirubin	+ve	-ve	Ketones	+ve	-ve	Glucose	+ve	-ve	Protein	+ve	-ve	Nitrites	+ve	-ve	Leucocytes	+ve	-ve
	Normal	63	2	+ve	6	9	+ve	0	2	+ve	1	0	+ve	2	1	+ve	16	1	+ve	2	0	+ve	10	0
	Raised	1	1	-ve	2	50	-ve	0	65	-ve	2	64	-ve	0	64	-ve	20	30	-ve	0	65	-ve	13	44

The bold numbers indicate samples with the same result agreement. Kappa analysis: urobilinogen (, ), blood in urine (, ), bilirubin (-), ketone (, ), glucose (-), protein (, ), nitrites (, ), and leucocytes (-). value > 0.05, Kappa is not significant and there is no agreement between methods.