Involvement of Coenzyme Q10 in Various Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases

Table 1

A review of CoQ10 effects on neurological diseases.

Neurological diseases	Depression	(1) Correlation with CoQ10 deficiency has been reported	[22, 23]
	Parkinson’s disease	(1) Supplemental CoQ10 improved 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)	[24–30]
		(2) Neuroprotective agent during iron-induced stress in dopaminergic neurons
		(3) Improving mitochondrial defect; therefore, slowing the progressive decline of function
	Progressive supranuclear palsy	(1) Improve mitochondrial energy metabolism	[31, 32]
		(2) Improve cerebral energy metabolism and also clinical problems
	Multiple system atrophy (Shy-DragerSx)	(1) Correlation with CoQ10 deficiency has been reported	[33–36]
	Alzheimer’s disease	(1) Protection of the brain from APP-CTF neurotoxicity reduced beta-amyloid 42 productions and also suppressed oxidative stress	[37–39, 39–41]
		(2) Reversing intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) effects in the hippocampus
		(3) Protective effect against brain atrophy
	Huntington’s disease	(1) Increment of brain ATP levels and improvement in symptoms	[26, 42–46]
	Friedreich’s ataxia	(1) Increased skeletal muscle ATP production and cardiac phosphocreatine to ATP ratio	[47–49]
		(2) Increased fractional shortening in echocardiographic data and slowing the progression of the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS)
	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	(1) Improvement in survival	[50]
	Migraine headache	(1) The decrease in the number of days with migraine headache	[51–54]
		(2) Reduction in nausea and frequency
		(3) Effective in pediatric migraines as a prophylactic agent
	Down’s syndrome	(1) Correlation with CoQ10 has been reported	[55]
	Cerebellar ataxia	(1) Correlation with CoQ10 deficiency has been reported	[56–59]