Use of Preoperative 3D Virtual Planning and 3D-Printed Patient-Specific Guides to Facilitate a Single-Stage Cranial Closing Wedge Ostectomy and Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Procedure to Address Proximal Tibial Deformity, an Excessive Tibial Plateau Angle, and Cranial Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency in a Dog

<div>(a, b) Initial postoperative radiographs of the right crus after a cranial closing wedge ostectomy was performed. Note that the femoral condyles are positioned centrally over the tibial plateau, but the postoperative TPA was 20° with some minor valgus of the proximal tibia and external torsion. (c, d) Postoperative radiographs obtained following a revision procedure in which a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy was performed. The final TPA was 4° with improvement in the valgus and torsional deformity induced by the initial surgery.</div>

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

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Figure 3

Figure 3: Use of Preoperative 3D Virtual Planning and 3D-Printed Patient-Specific Guides to Facilitate a Single-Stage Cranial Closing Wedge Ostectomy and Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Procedure to Address Proximal Tibial Deformity, an Excessive Tibial Plateau Angle, and Cranial Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency in a Dog 

Figure 3 | Use of Preoperative 3D Virtual Planning and 3D-Printed Patient-Specific Guides to Facilitate a Single-Stage Cranial Closing Wedge Ostectomy and Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Procedure to Address Proximal Tibial Deformity, an Excessive Tibial Plateau Angle, and Cranial Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency in a Dog 