Use of the Serum Level of Cholinesterase as a Prognostic Marker of Nonfatal Clinical Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Table 1

Patient characteristics at baseline stratified by the serum ChE level.

Characteristics	Overall	Low level	Moderate level	High level	P value
Cholinesterase (U/L)		ChE ≤ 4116	4116 < ChE ≤ 6737	ChE > 6737
Number of patients	429	143	143	143
Age	76 (70–82)	78 (73–83)	76 (70–83)	74 (68–81)	0.004
Sex					0.465
Male	318 (74.1)	110 (76.9)	107 (74.8)	101 (70.6)
Female	111 (25.9)	33 (23.1)	36 (25.2)	42 (29.4)
Number of AEs in the previous year	1.00 (0.00–2.00)	1.0 (0.0–2.0)	1.0 (0.0–2.0)	1.0 (0.0–2.0)	0.935
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus (%)	64 (14.9)	13 (9.1)	24 (16.8)	27 (18.9)	0.050
Hypertension (%)	152 (35.4)	48 (33.6)	63 (44.1)	72 (50.3)	0.105
CHD (%)	183 (42.7)	58 (40.6)	47 (33.3)	47 (32.9)	0.314
Heart failure (%)	186 (43.4)	83 (58.0)	65 (45.5)	38 (26.6)	<0.001
Laboratory examinations
NLR	6.52 (3.72–12.12)	7.6 (5.1–13.6)	6.8 (3.9–13.2)	4.71 (2.98–8.73)	<0.001
Hematocrit	39.30 (35.58–43.43)	36.4 (32.5–42.9)	39.2 (36.3–43.1)	41.2 (38.1–43.7)	<0.001
RDW	14.10 (13.10–15.05)	14.6 (13.5–16.2)	14.1 (13.2–14.9)	13.7 (12.9–14.4)	<0.001
PLR	190.74 (117.01–318.08)	220.0 (143.1–363.4)	200.0 (126.6–321.2)	154.3 (100.0–248.4)	0.001
PDW	13.40 (11.80–16.10)	12.9 (11.5–15.3)	13.4 (11.7–16.0)	14.0 (12.0–16.6)	0.035
Albumin (g/L)	37.25 (34.00–40.50)	34.0 (30.7–37.4)	36.8 (34.8–38.7)	40.4 (37.2–42.8)	<0.001
BUN (mmol/L)	6.50 (5.20–9.20)	7.8 (5.2–12.0)	6.2 (5.2–9.0)	6.2 (5.1–7.8)	0.002
Creatinine (mmol/L)	74.70 (59.20–97.10)	75.4 (60.8–119.0)	77.5 (58.3–92.7)	71.3 (58.9–87.1)	0.084
CRP (mg/mL)	15.90 (3.85–65.55)	33.7 (8.6–124.5)	17.3 (4.9–90.4)	5.6 (1.6–26.2)	<0.001
D-dimer (ng/mL)	877.97 (454.15–1654.85)	1250 (840–2520)	870 (520–1680)	561.2 (340.0–890.0)	<0.001
OI	286.00 (214.60–345.20)	243.70 (175.50–292.20)	286.00 (209.20–358.00)	322.80 (280.80–362.00)	<0.001
pCO2 (mmHg)	44.03 (34.20–59.75)	47.2 (34.4–65.4)	47.3 (35.3–62.4)	40.6 (32.8–52.7)	0.019
pH	7.40 (7.35–7.44)	7.4 (7.34–7.44)	7.4 (7.34–7.43)	7.41 (7.36–7.44)	0.341
Outcomes
Hypercapnia (%)	175 (40.8)	66 (46.2)	64 (44.8)	45 (31.5)	0.020
NIV (%)	96 (22.4)	47 (32.9)	30 (21.0)	19 (13.3)	<0.001
IMV (%)	18 (4.2)	11 (7.7)	5 (3.5)	2 (1.4)	0.026
ICU (%)	34 (7.9)	20 (14.0)	9 (6.3)	5 (3.5)	0.003
DoHS (days)	10.00 (8.00–14.00)	12 (9–16)	10 (8–13)	9 (7–12)	<0.001

AE, acute exacerbation; CHD, coronary heart disease; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; RDW, red blood cell distribution width; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; PDW, platelet distribution width; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, C-reactive protein; OI, oxygenation index; pCO₂, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; ICU, intensive care unit; DoHS, duration of hospital stay.