Canadian Respiratory Journal

Research Article

Use of the Serum Level of Cholinesterase as a Prognostic Marker of Nonfatal Clinical Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Table 2

Characteristics of the patients in the NIV group and the non-NIV group.


Characteristics	NIV	Non-NIV	Z/	P value

Age	76 (70–81)	76 (70–82)	−0.670	0.503
Sex			1.864	0.172
Male (%)	66 (68.7)	252 (75.7)
Female (%)	30 (31.3)	81 (24.3)
Number of AEs in the previous year	1.0 (0.0–2.0)	1.0 (0.0–2.0)	−3.366	0.001
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus (%)	14 (15)	50 (14.6)	0.011	0.917
Hypertension (%)	38 (39.6)	145 (43.5)	0.478	0.489
Coronary heart disease (%)	36 (35.0)	116 (37.5)	0.196	0.958
Heart failure (%)	66 (68.8)	120 (36)	32.473	<0.001
Laboratory examinations
NLR	7.99 (4.91–14.00)	6.11(3.58–11.33)	−2.711	0.005
Hematocrit	42.7 (38.0–48.5)	38.8 (35.4–42.5)	−4.840	<0.001
RDW	14.7 (13.9–15.8)	13.9 (13.0–14.75)	−4.996	<0.001
PLR	209.3 (131.3–343.4)	188.7 (113.0–308.0)	−1.180	0.238
PDW	13.2 (11.7–15.6)	13.5 (11.8–16.2)	−0.550	0.582
ChE (U/L)	4623 (3748–5566)	5553 (4352–6881)	−4.393	<0.001
ChE level (%)			16.023	<0.001
ChE ≤ 4116 U/L	96 (28.8)	47 (49.0)
4116 U/L < ChE ≤ 6737 U/L	113 (33.9)	30 (31.3)
ChE > 6737 U/L	124 (37.2)	19 (19.7)
Albumin (g/L)	36.7 (33.1–39.9)	37.4 (34.1–40.8)	−1.220	0.222
BUN (mmol/L)	8.3 (6.0–12.3)	6.2 (5.1–8.5)	−3.989	<0.001
Creatinine (mmol/L)	83.0 (53.0–111.8)	73.2 (59.6–92.4)	−1.100	0.270
CRP (mg/mL)	16.4 (5.4–67.3)	15.4 (3.5–62.7)	−0.649	0.516
D-dimer (ng/mL)	1025.0 (647.5–2160.0)	830.0 (435.0–1550.0)	−2.568	0.010
OI	243.05 (160.75–299.03)	302.00 (232.40–351.75)	−4.959	<0.001
OI level			30.157	<0.001
≥300	24 (25)	172 (52.1)
200–299	36 (37.5)	107 (32.4)
<200	36 (37.5)	51 (15.5)
pCO₂ (mmHg)	68.9 (55.0–81.0)	40.2 (32.2–51.4)	−10.740	<0.001
pH	7.35 (7.28–7.41)	7.41 (7.37–7.44)	−6.718	<0.001
Outcomes
Hypercapnia (%)	83 (86.5)	92 (27.6)	106.785	<0.001
IMV (%)	13 (13.5)	5 (1.5)	26.873	<0.001
ICU (%)	27 (79.4)	7 (20.6)	69.153	<0.001
DoHS (days)	12.0 (9.0–16.0)	10.0 (8.0–13.0)	−3.253	0.001

AE, acute exacerbation; CHD, coronary heart disease; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; RDW, red blood cell distribution width; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; PDW, platelet distribution width; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, C-reactive protein; OI, oxygenation index; pCO₂, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; ICU, intensive care unit; DoHS, duration of hospital stay.