Guidewire Ablation within the Coronary Venous System for Epicardial or Intramural Ventricular Arrhythmia: A Preclinical Study of Biophysical Characterization

Table 2

Steam pop incidence and lesion dimension at variable power setting in an ex vivo model.

10 mm group ablation time: 60 s; saline infusion: 2 ml/min

20 mm group ablation time: 60 s; saline infusion: 2 ml/min

5 w (n = 8)

10 w

15 w

20 w

25 w

value

5 w (n = 8)

10 w

15 w

20 w

25 w

value

Baseline impedance (Ω)

200.3 ± 10.9

197.0 ± 13.9

195.0 ± 10.4

194.0 ± 10.2

195.0 ± 12.0

0.849

146.6 ± 5.2

135.9 ± 11.1

141.4 ± 8.6

145.4 ± 8.8

141.9 ± 9.9

0.159

No. of steam pops

0/8

0/8

1/8

5/8

8/8

—

0/8

0/8

0/8

2/8

6/8

—

Time to steam pop (second)

—

—

40

27.5 ± 10.4

8.2 ± 3.2

—

—

—

—

49.0 ± 5.7

25.7 ± 7.2

—

Lesion’s maximum diameter (mm)

2.7 ± 0.4

4.6 ± 0.8

6.6 ± 0.5

—

—

<0.01

1.9 ± 0.3

3.5 ± 0.6

4.4 ± 0.5

4.9 ± 0.6

—

<0.01

Lesion’s minimum diameter (mm)

2.0 ± 0.3

3.9 ± 0.2

5.8 ± 0.4

—

—

<0.01

1.5 ± 0.3

3.1 ± 0.6

3.8 ± 0.5

4.3 ± 0.6

—

<0.01

Ω indicates ohm.