Research Article
Combined Serum Albumin and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Predict All-Cause Death in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Table 1
Clinical characteristics of four groups of patients with SCAD.
| | | Total (n = 203) | Group A (n = 74) | Group B (n = 15) | Group C (n = 6) | Group D (n = 108) | value |
| | Baseline | | Age (years) | 72.6 ± 10.4 | 76.0 ± 10.9 | 75.7 ± 10.9 | 60.2 ± 7.1 | 70.1 ± 9.3 | <0.001 | | Sex (male) | 141 (69.5) | 50 (67.6) | 9 (60.0) | 6 (100.0) | 76 (70.4) | 0.162 | | BMI | 23.6 ± 0.5 | 22.8 ± 4.3 | 20.8 ± 3.4 | 23.1 ± 3.5 | 24.5 ± 3.5 | <0.001 | | SBP (mmHg) | 136.4 ± 20.5 | 132.3 ± 20.8 | 143.5 ± 32.9 | 127.7 ± 20.8 | 138.6 ± 17.5 | 0.735 | | DBP (mmHg) | 77.5 ± 13.2 | 75.3 ± 14.3 | 80.0 ± 19.1 | 78.7 ± 5.4 | 78.5 ± 11.7 | 0.478 | | Past smoker (%) | 100 (49.3) | 30 (40.5) | 4 (26.7) | 5 (83.3) | 61 (56.5) | 0.013 | | Hypertension (%) | 150 (73.9) | 48 (64.9) | 10 (66.7) | 5 (83.3) | 87 (80.6) | 0.099 | | DM (%) | 72 (35.5) | 28 (37.8) | 5 (33.3) | 2 (33.3) | 37 (34.3) | 0.962 | | DLP (%) | 103 (50.7) | 25 (33.8) | 7 (46.7) | 3 (50.0) | 68 (63.0) | 0.002 | | OCI (%) | 35 (17.2) | 14 (18.9) | 5 (33.3) | 1 (16.7) | 15 (13.9) | 0.346 | | PAD (%) | 53 (26.1) | 23 (31.1) | 4 (26.7) | 1 (16.7) | 25 (23.1) | 0.632 | | AF (%) | 26 (12.8) | 11 (14.9) | 3 (20.0) | 1 (16.7) | 11 (10.2) | 0.646 | | LVEF (%) | 63.3 ± 9.8 | 65.3 ± 4.8 | 40.4 ± 6.5 | 34.5 ± 7.5 | 66.6 ± 4.8 | <0.001 |
| | Medication | | Aspirin (%) | 201 (99.0) | 73 (98.6) | 14 (93.3) | 6 (100.0) | 108 (100.0) | 0.211 | | Thienopyridines (%) | 199 (98) | 73 (98.6) | 73 (98.6) | 6 (100.0) | 106 (98.1) | 0.688 | | Warfarin (%) | 5 (2.5) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.8) | 0.670 | | DOAC (%) | 21 (10.3) | 10 (13.5) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (16.7) | 9 (8.3) | 0.635 | | Ezetimibe (%) | 3 (1.5) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.9) | 0.866 | | PPI (%) | 133 (65.5) | 47 (63.5) | 10 (66.7) | 4 (66.7) | 72 (66.7) | 0.977 | | Statins (%) | 110 (54.2) | 30 (40.5) | 9 (60.0) | 3 (50.0) | 68 (63.0) | 0.027 | | ACEI (%) | 19 (9.4) | 4 (5.4) | 5 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (9.3) | 0.025 | | ARB (%) | 88 (43.3) | 31 (41.9) | 9 (60.0) | 2 (33.3) | 46 (42.6) | 0.569 | | β-blocker (%) | 55 (27.1) | 17 (23.0) | 8 (53.3) | 5 (83.8) | 25 (23.1) | 0.002 | | MRA (%) | 101 (49.8) | 2 (2.7) | 4 (26.7) | 2 (33.3) | 3 (2.8) | 0.002 |
| | Coronary intervention | | LMT (%) | 13 (6.4) | 8 (10.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (16.7) | 4 (3.7) | 0.099 | | Calcification (%) | 29 (14.3) | 19 (25.7) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (16.7) | 8 (7.4) | 0.006 | | Bifurcation (%) | 102 (50.2) | 38 (51.4) | 7 (46.7) | 5 (83.3) | 53 (48.1) | 0.365 | | CTO (%) | 12 (5.9) | 3 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (8.3) | 0.252 | | Stent BMS (%) | 11 (5.4) | 4 (5.4) | 2 (13.3) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.6) | 0.754 | | DES (%) | 192 (94.6) | 70 (94.6) | 13 (86.7) | 6 (100.0) | 103 (95.4) | 0.545 | | Multivessel PCI (%) | 53 (26.1) | 24 (32.4) | 2 (13.3) | 3 (50.0) | 24 (22.2) | 0.148 |
| | Laboratory data | | Alb (g/dL) | 3.9 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | <0.001 | | Hb (g/dL) | 13.6 ± 2.0 | 12.4 ± 2.0 | 12.4 ± 2.1 | 15.0 ± 0.9 | 13.6 ± 2.0 | <0.001 | | eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 60.9 ± 24.3 | 53.3 ± 29.3 | 45.7 ± 23.5 | 52.5 ± 15.8 | 68.9 ± 24.2 | <0.001 | | AST (U/L) | 24.7 ± 10.9 | 24.5 ± 12.2 | 24.3 ± 14.3 | 23.0 ± 4.5 | 24.9 ± 11.0 | 0.973 | | ALT (U/L) | 20.9 ± 12.2 | 18.3 ± 11.9 | 19.5 ± 15.8 | 21.2 ± 11.9 | 22.8 ± 12.2 | 0.101 | | CHOL (mg/dL) | 185.4 ± 35.8 | 171.6 ± 30.3 | 174.0 ± 39.7 | 208.7 ± 30.4 | 195.4 ± 35.8 | <0.001 | | TG (mg/dL) | 134.5 ± 98.2 | 117.6 ± 94.2 | 93.7 ± 44.3 | 119.3 ± 38.9 | 152.8 ± 105.3 | 0.036 | | HDL-C (mg/dL) | 50.1 ± 13.2 | 48.1 ± 12.3 | 45.0 ± 11.8 | 57.5 ± 29.7 | 51.8 ± 12.4 | 0.062 | | LDL-C (mg/dL) | 110.0 ± 28.6 | 99.1 ± 25.3 | 105.9 ± 38.0 | 129.0 ± 17.4 | 117.0 ± 27.5 | <0.001 | | CRP (mg/dL) | 0.5 ± 1.1 | 0.8 ± 1.4 | 1.1 ± 1.8 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 1.1 | <0.001 | | HbA1c (%) | 7.3 ± 13.6 | 6.3 ± 1.3 | 6.7 ± 1.5 | 6.7 ± 0.9 | 6.3 ± 0.8 | 0.608 |
|
|
BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DM: diabetes mellitus; DLP: dyslipidemia; OCI: old cerebral infarction; PAD: peripheral artery disease; AF: atrial fibrillation; LVEF: left ventricular function; DOAC: direct oral anticoagulants; PPI: proton pump inhibitor; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; LMT: left main trunk; CTO: chronic total occlusion; BMS: bare mental stent; DES: drug eluting stents; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; Alb: albumin; Hb: hemoglobin; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; AST: aspartate transaminase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; CHOL: cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CRP: C-reactive protein.
|
