Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Antenatal Depression among Pregnant Women Attending Tertiary Care Hospitals in South India

Table 3

Bivariate and multivariate analyses of independent variables against antenatal depression.

Variables	Crude odds ratio (COR)	CI (95%)	value	Adjusted odds ratio (AOR)	CI (95%)	value
Age in years			0.013			0.030
20-24	1.6	0.5 to 5.2	0.384	2.01	0.56 to 7.20	0.279
25-29	0.3	0.1 to 1.0		0.48	0.17 to 1.36
30-34	0.5	0.2 to 1.5		0.66	0.25 to 1.78
35-40	Ref			Ref
Education
Below secondary	0.7	0.4 to 1.2	0.275	1.52	0.75 to 3.05	0.238
Secondary and above	Ref			Ref
Occupation
Homemaker	1.5	0.8 to 2.8	0.141	1.37	0.71 to 2.67	0.343
Employed	Ref			Ref
Type of family
Nuclear	0.8	0.4 to 1.3	0.426	0.74	0.41 to 1.33	0.322
Joint	Ref			Ref
Monthly family income (in rupees)
Less than 15,000	0.9	0.5 to 1.6	0.908	0.82	0.41 to 1.67	0.602
15,000 and above	Ref			Ref
Presence of health problems during the current pregnancy
Yes	1.8	1.0 to 3.2	0.024	1.63	0.89 to 2.98	0.107
No	Ref			Ref
Thyroid problem
Yes	1.15	0.4 to 2.6	0.740	0.92	0.35 to 2.38	0.869
No	Ref			Ref
History of psychiatric illness in the past
Yes	3.6	0.5 to 26.2	0.202	5.32	0.58 to 48.7	0.139
No	Ref			Ref
Alcoholism in a spouse
Yes	0.5	0.2 to 1.4	0.219	0.44	0.14 to 1.32	0.144
No	Ref			Ref
Parity
Primigravida	0.8	0.4 to 1.4	0.481	1.13	0.33 to 3.81	0.843
Multigravida	Ref			Ref
Previous history of miscarriage
Yes	1.5	0.8 to 2.7	0.177	1.56	0.66 to 3.70	0.308
No	Ref			Ref

Significant.