Depression and Associated Factors among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Attending Antiretroviral Therapy in Public Health Facilities, Hosanna Town, Southern Ethiopia

Table 4

Bivariable and multivariable analysis for factors associated with depression among PLWHIVs at public health facilities of Hosanna town, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2019 ().

Explanatory variable	Category	Depression		COR, 95% CI	value	AOR, 95% CI
		Yes	No
Sex	Male	52	116	1.00	0.020	1.00
	Female	96	128	1.67 (1.09, 2.55)		2.15 (1.21, 3.84)
Age	18-29	32	77	1.00		1.00
	30-39	79	126	0.46 (0.25, 0.84)	0.042	1.41 (0.71, 2.79)
	≥40	37	41	0.69 (0.41, 1.18)	0.045	0.93 (0.37, 2.31)
Residence	Urban	71	176	1.00	≤0.001	1.00
	Rural	77	68	2.81 (1.83, 4.30)		2.69 (1.58, 4.57)
Educational status	Unable to read and write	53	49	2.06 (1.15, 3.69)	0.002	0.94 (0.39, 2.25)
	Primary	45	77	1.11 (0.63, 1.97)	0.02	0.66 (0.28, 1.53)
	Secondary	19	59	0.61 (0.31, 1.20)	0.30	0.59 (0.23, 1.58)
	Diploma and above	31	59	1.00		1.00
Religion	Protestant	65	125	1.00
	Orthodox	51	82	1.19 (0.76, 1.89)	0.203
	Others	32	37	1.66 (0.95, 2.91)	0.32
Ethnicity	Hadiya	91	144	1.00
	Gurage	24	40	0.95 (0.54, 1.68)	0.799
	Kembete	10	23	0.69 (0.31, 1.51)	0.25
	Amhare	11	22	0.79 (0.37, 1.71)	0.27
	Others	12	15	1.27 (0.57, 2.83)	0.32
Marital status	Single	17	34	1.00		1.00
	Married	54	165	0.66 (0.34, 1.26)	0.06	0.43 (0.16, 1.17)
	Divorced	42	25	3.36 (1.56, 7.21)	0.002	1.25 (0.43, 3.96)
	Widowed	35	20	3.50 (1.57, 7.79)	≤0.001	2.16 (0.65, 7.17)
Occupation	Government employed	14	44	1.00		1.00
	Student	9	22	1.28 (0.48, 3.43)	0.31	0.73 (0.18, 2.95)
	Housewife	28	46	1.91 (0.89, 4.10)	0.47	1.60 (0.53, 4.87)
	Daily laborer	24	30	2.51 (1.12, 5.63)	0.02	1.75 (0.53, 5.74)
	Self-employed	36	65	1.74 (0.84, 3.59)	0.47	1.71 (0.60, 4.88)
	Unemployed	37	37	3.14 (1.48, 6.68)	0.047	1.47 (0.49, 4.43)
Living condition	With family members	128	231	1.00	0.006	1
	Alone	20	13	2.78 (1.34, 5.77)		2.30 (0.96, 5.51)
Disclose of HIV status	Yes	31	106	1.00	≤0.001	1.00
	No	117	138	2.89 (1.81, 4.63)		2.77 (1.57, 4.89)
Income (ETB)	≤500	12	15	1.5 (0.67, 3.38)	0.583
	500-1000	30	47	1.19 (0.69, 2.05)	0.25
	1001-1500	34	47	1.36 (0.80, 2.29)	0.22
	≥1500	72	135	1.00
Duration on ART	≤12 months	27	53	0.80 (0.48, 1.35)	0.408
	>12 months	121	191	1.00
CD4 count	≤500	71	128	0.84 (0.56, 1.26)	0.389
	>500	77	116	1.00
Clinical stage of HIV	Stage 1	109	202	1.00		1
	Stage 2	19	28	1.26 (0.67, 2.36)	0.23	0.67 (0.31, 1.48)
	Stages 3 and 4	20	14	2.65 (1.29, 5.45)	0.028	1.46 (0.59, 3.61)
Comorbid disease	Yes	69	101	1.24 (0.82, 1.87)	0.312
	No	79	143	1.00	0.80
Type of ART regimen	First line	129	209	1.00	0.27
	Second line	19	37	1.32 (0.35, 2.52)
ART adherence	Good	57	149	1.00	≤0.001	1.00
	Poor	91	95	2.50 (1.64, 3.81)		1.89 (1.10, 3.24)
Social support	Good	51	133	1.00	≤0.001	1.00
	Poor	97	111	2.28 (1.49, 3.48)		1.85 (1.11, 3.09)
HIV-perceived stigma	No	41	107	1.00	0.002	1.71 (1.01, 2.88)
	Yes	107	137	2.04 (1.31, 3.16)		1.00
Substance ever used	Yes	13	22	0.97 (0.47, 1.99)	0.94
	No	135	222	1.00
Substance current use	Yes	11	21	0.85 (0.39, 1.82)	0.68
	No	137	223	1.00

Hint: 1-reference category. value < 0.05. The bold values show the independent variables with values less than or equal to 0.2 in a bivariate binary logistic regression analysis. 0.2 in a bivariate binary logistic regression analysis is the cut-off point to consider a variable for a multivariable binary logistic regression.