Research Article
Effect of Phonological and Phonetic Interventions on Proficiency in English Pronunciation and Oral Reading
Table 24
Rubric for speaking assessment: mean and standard deviation.
| Variables | N | Mean | Standard deviation |
| Preintervention level | | | | Pre:pronunciation/diction | 32 | 1.00 | 0.000 | Pre: fluency | 32 | 1.03 | 0.177 | Pre: word choice | 32 | 1.16 | 0.369 | Pre: usage | 32 | 1.56 | 0.504 | Pre: ideas/meaning | 32 | 1.47 | 0.507 | Postintervention level | | | | Post: pronunciation/diction | 32 | 4.06 | 1.134 | Post: fluency | 32 | 3.69 | 0.998 | Post: word choice | 32 | 2.91 | 0.818 | Post: usage | 32 | 2.88 | 0.871 | Post: ideas/meaning | 32 | 2.59 | 0.798 |
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These variables are measured on a 5-point scale (1 = Difficult, 3 = Moderate, 5 = Easy).
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