Effect of Phonological and Phonetic Interventions on Proficiency in English Pronunciation and Oral Reading

Table 24

Rubric for speaking assessment: mean and standard deviation.

Variables	N	Mean	Standard deviation
Preintervention level
Pre:pronunciation/diction	32	1.00	0.000
Pre: fluency	32	1.03	0.177
Pre: word choice	32	1.16	0.369
Pre: usage	32	1.56	0.504
Pre: ideas/meaning	32	1.47	0.507
Postintervention level
Post: pronunciation/diction	32	4.06	1.134
Post: fluency	32	3.69	0.998
Post: word choice	32	2.91	0.818
Post: usage	32	2.88	0.871
Post: ideas/meaning	32	2.59	0.798

These variables are measured on a 5-point scale (1 = Difficult, 3 = Moderate, 5 = Easy).