Comparison of Risk Scores for Predicting Adverse Outcomes in Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients in the study.

Characteristic	Total	No adverse outcome	Any adverse outcome	value
Age, median (IQR)	65 (55, 75)	66 (57, 78)	64 (47, 71)	0.096
Sex
Male, (%)	74 (60.2)	37 (56.9%)	37 (63.8%)	0.437
Previous admission with LGIB, (%)	40 (32.5)	13 (20.0%)	27 (46.6%)	0.002
Comorbidities
Heart disease	34 (27.6)	21 (32.3%)	13 (22.4%)	0.221
Stroke	14 (11.4)	6 (9.2%)	8 (13.8%)	0.426
Pulmonary disease	2 (1.6)	1 (1.5%)	1 (1.7%)	>0.999
Liver disease	3 (2.4)	1 (1.5%)	2 (3.4%)	0.601
Renal disease	5 (4.1)	3 (4.6%)	2 (3.4%)	>0.999
Hypertension	53 (43.1)	26 (40.0%)	27 (46.6%)	0.464
Diabetes	70 (56.9)	34 (52.3%)	36(62.1%)	0.443
Cancer	14 (11.4)	6 (9.2%)	8 (13.8%)	0.426
Past medical history of colorectal polyps	8 (6.5)	4 (6.2%)	4 (6.9%)	>0.999
Preadmission medications				0.069
Aspirin	12 (9.8)	10 (15.4%)	2 (3.4%)
Clopidogrel	7 (5.7)	5 (7.7%)	2 (3.4%)
Dual antiplatelet	2 (1.6)	1 (1.5%)	1 (1.7%)
Warfarin	2 (1.6)	1 (1.5%)	1 (1.7%)
NSAIDs	2 (1.6)	0 (0.0%)	2 (3.4%)
Corticosteroid	1 (0.8)	1 (1.5%)	0 (0.0%)
Presenting signs and symptoms
Clear red bloody stool in the ED	32 (26.0)	8 (12.3%)	24 (41.4%)	<0.001
Blood on DRE	56 (45.5)	29 (44.6%)	27 (46.6%)	0.83
Heart rate (bpm)	77 (72,84)	77 (72, 80)	78 (71, 88)	0.078
SBP (mmHg)	130 (118,142)	133 (120, 148)	127 (114, 137)	0.106
Laboratory data at admission
White blood cell count (10⁹/L)	5.93 (4.55,7.20)	5.80 (4.50, 6.90)	6.15 (4.63, 7.28)	0.312
Hemoglobin (g/L)	114 (88,132)	122 (110, 138)	89 (67, 122)	<0.001
Hematocrit (%)	35 (28,40)	37 (33, 41)	28 (22, 36)	<0.001
Platelet (10⁹/L)	215 (165,262)	212 (165, 260)	215 (164, 261)	0.966
BUN (mmol/L)	5.05 (3.81,6.26)	4.98 (3.93, 5.80)	5.41 (3.77, 6.47)	0.78
Creatinine (μmol/L)	76 (58,89)	77 (62, 90)	72 (57, 86)	0.186
Albumin (g/L)	38.9 (36.0,42.3)	40.3 (37.4, 42.5)	37.9 (33.9, 41.6)	0.017
INR	1.07 (0.99,1.12)	1.03 (0.97, 1.08)	1.11 (1.06, 1.17)	<0.001

Data are (%) or median (IQR: interquartile range). NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; ED: emergency department; DRE: digital rectal examination; LGIB: lower gastrointestinal bleeding; SBP: systolic blood pressure; BUN: blood urea nitrogen.