Cancer Vaccines Designed Based the Nanoparticle and Tumor Cells for the Treatment of Tumors: A Perspective

Table 1

Some pivotal trials for tumor vaccines.

Vaccine platform type	Product/compound name	Antigen(s)	Identifier (phase, name)	Findings	References
Tumor cell-based	Belagenpumatucel-L (Lucanix™)	/	NCT00676507 (phase 3)	Second interim analysis, futility	[59]
Tumor cell-based	Canvaxin™ (CancerVax)	/	NCT00052130 (phase 3, MMAIT-III)	Study was terminated (low probability)	[60, 61]
DC-based	Peptide-loaded DC vaccine	Several MHC restricted peptides	(phase 3)	Study was prematurely closed	[62]
Protein	BEC2	GD3	NCT00037713 (phase 3, SILVA)	Population heterogeneity and study design	[63]
Protein	THERATOPE®	STn	NCT00003638 (phase 3)	Tumor burden; treatment duration	[64]