Research Article

An Empirical Study on Downstream Dependency Package Groups in Software Packaging Ecosystems

Table 4

DDGs in the three packaging ecosystems (the five largest DDGs are listed).

No.Focal package nameSizeRatio of focal packagesAverage ageAverage version updatesAverage contributorsKeywords

DDGs in Cargo (total DDGs: 705, total packages: 20,102)

1Serde3,7580.032.638.489.63Rust, api, google, cli, web, protocol
2Serde_derive2,8390.032.698.9910.16Rust, api, google, cli, web, protocol
3Serde_json2,7470.022.718.319.48Rust, api, google, cli, web, protocol
4Log2,4940.032.819.2312.09Rust, cli, http, api, web, log
5Libc2,2830.053.468.827.42Rust, ffi, bindings, linux, database, gnome

DDGs in CPAN (total DDGs: 730, total packages: 22,983)

1Module-build4,1300.039.6011.110.90Perl, perl5, localization, unicode, dist-zilla, game
2Moose2,4570.058.8810.231.21Perl, localization, unicode, perl5, dist-zilla, object-oriented
3Exporter1,7090.069.6714.511.58Perl, perl5, perl-module, testing, debugger, cpan
4Test-exception1,6670.049.2812.991.71Perl, perl5, localization, unicode, code4lib, cme
5Version1,6190.0710.1214.821.89Perl, localization, perl5, unicode, dist-zilla, compile

DDGs in RubyGems (total DDGs: 1,526, total packages: 102,655)

1Rails8,8600.016.258.663.85Rails, ruby, gem, ruby-on-rails, activerecord, rails-engine
2Activesupport8,5560.026.559.826.93Ruby, rails, activerecord, gem, ruby-gem, rubygems
3Pry7,5220.025.109.824.18Ruby, sensu-plugins, rails, monitoring, metrics, gem
4Sqlite36,4760.015.898.853.37Ruby, rails, activerecord, gem, ruby-on-rails, ruby-gem
5Json5,8820.026.8811.926.21Ruby, rails, gem, api, api-client, monitoring