An Empirical Study on Downstream Dependency Package Groups in Software Packaging Ecosystems

Table 5

CDDGs in the three packaging ecosystems (the five largest CDDGs are listed).

No.	Focal package name	Size	Ratio of focal packages	Average age	Average version updates	Average contributors	Keywords
CDDGs in Cargo (total CDDGs: 185, total packages: 5,790)
1	Serde	896	0.07	3.55	16.45	34.94	Google, rust, web, protocol, api, cli
2	Serde_derive	740	0.05	3.56	16.35	33.75	Google, web, rust, cli, protocol, api
3	Libc	683	0.06	3.96	14.84	20.53	Rust, ffi, bindings, gnome, linux, gtk-rs
4	Serde_json	646	0.05	3.62	15.17	33.55	Google, web, api, cli, protocol, rust
5	Hyper	606	0.01	3.67	12.77	26.71	Google, web, api, protocol, cli, rust
CDDGs in CPAN (total CDDGs: 178, total packages: 4,335)
1	Moose	548	0.09	8.74	15.75	4.18	Perl, localization, perl5, unicode, dist-zilla, aws
2	Test-rinci	545	0.04	5.99	10.55	1.23	Test, metadata
3	Dist-zilla	476	0.13	8.60	14.76	3.71	Dist-zilla, metaprogramming, perl, object-oriented, amazon
4	Perl-osnames	306	0.07	5.92	14	1.26	Unix, bsd, sysv, posix
5	Dist-zilla-Plugin-git-contributors	302	0.15	8.65	15.04	3.72	Perl, dist-zilla, loading, packaging
CDDGs in RubyGems (total CDDGs: 329, total packages: 13,940)
1	Activesupport	1,531	0.03	7.92	19.81	34.69	Ruby, rails, activerecord, html, activejob, gem
2	Rails	1,315	0.02	7.59	16.75	21.25	Ruby, rails, activerecord, gem, json, ecommerce
3	Activerecord	921	0.02	7.94	15.04	27.93	Ruby, rails, activerecord, ruby-on-rails, testing, sql
4	Rubocop	613	0.06	5.90	30.12	30.59	Ruby, rails, gem, rubocop, ruby-gem, activerecord
5	Railties	455	0.03	7.43	20.20	47.73	Rails, ruby, activerecord, authentication, devise, mongodb