Diagnostic Value of Serum and Urine Endocan Levels in Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Prospective Comparative Study

Table 1

Comparison of Ta, T1, and control group patients in terms of demographic data and laboratory parameters.

Variables	Groups			value
	Ta (1)	T1 (2)	Control (3)
Number of patients (n)	14	52	41
Age, years, median (IQR)	70.5 (38–83)	65.5 (40–90)	63 (40–82)	0.627
Mean serum endocan ± SD, (mg/dl)	1434 ± 446	1504 ± 443	1039 ± 422	<0.001
				1 vs 2 0.857
				1 vs 3 0.012
				2 vs 3 <0.001
Mean urine endocan ± SD, (mg/dl)	675 ± 247	914 ± 362	502 ± 388	<0.001
				1 vs 2 0.077
				1 vs 3 0.271
				2 vs 3<0.001
Urine culture positivity, n (%)	2 (14.3)	3 (5.8)	0 (0)	0.064^&

One-way ANOVA, ^&Fisher’s exact test; IQR: interquartile range, SD: standard deviation, mg: milligram, dL: deciliter, Ta: the tumour is only in the innermost layer of the bladder lining. T1: the cancer has started to grow into the connective tissue beneath the bladder lining.