Knowledge, Attitude, and Food Safety Practices among Street Food Vendors at a Metropolitan District in Ghana: A Cross-sectional Study

Table 8

Multivariable analysis of factors affecting food safety and hygiene practices among food vendors.

Variable	Practice ()		( value)/Fisher’s exact	cOR (95% CI) value	aOR (95% CI) value
	Bad ()	Good ()
Sex
Female	186 (50.8)	180 (49.2)		Reference	Reference
Male	30 (75.0)	10 (25.0)	8.47 (0.004)	0.34 (0.16-0.73) 0.005	0.54 (0.24-1.29) 0.156
Educational level
No formal education	61 (71.8)	24 (28.2)		Reference	Reference
Primary	23 (48.9)	24 (51.1)		2.65 (1.26-5.57) 0.010	4.99 (2.02-12.34) 0.001
Junior high school	52 (44.1)	66 (55.9)		3.23 (1.78-5.85) <0.001	5.83 (2.70-12.57) <0.001
Senior high school	41 (40.6)	60 (59.4)		3.72 (2.01-6.89) <0.001	6.20 (2.78-13.87) <0.001
Tertiary	39 (70.9)	16 (29.1)	29.44 (<0.001)	1.04 (0.49-2.21) 0.913	3.21 (1.21-8.53) 0.019
Family size
1-3	85 (65.9)	44 (34.1)		Reference	Reference
4-5	82 (51.6)	77 (48.4)		1.81 (1.12-2.93) 0.015	1.88 (1.02-3.44) 0.042
6-7	33 (39.3)	51 (60.7)		2.99 (1.68-5.28) <0.001	4.37 (2.02-9.43) <0.001
8 or more	16 (47.1)	18 (52.9)	15.56 (0.001)	2.17 (1.01-4.67) 0.047)	4.41 (1.43-13.53) 0.010
Duration of food vending
3-4 months	75 (64.7)	41 (35.3)		Reference	Reference
5-6 months	65 (50.8)	63 (49.2)		1.77 (1.06-2.97) 0.029	1.46 (0.78-2.71) 0.235
Less than 2 months	15 (46.9)	17 (53.1)		2.07 (0.94-4.58) 0.071	2.18 (0.88-5.40) 0.091
More than 6 months	61 (46.9)	69 (53.1)	8.99 (0.029)	2.07 (1.24-3.46) 0.006	2.04 (1.00-4.17) 0.051
Knowledge level
Low	186 (65.0)	100 (35.0)		Reference	Reference
High	30 (25.0)	90 (75.0)	54.42 (<0.001)	5.58 (3.46-9.01) <0.001	4.70 (2.77-7.98) <0.001
Attitude
Negative	132 (64.1)	74 (35.9)		Reference	Reference
Positive	84 (42.0)	116 (58.0)	19.87 (<0.001)	2.46 (1.65-3.67) <0.001	1.76 (1.08-2.87) 0.023

cOR: crude odds ratio; aOR: adjusted odds ratio. was considered statistically significant, and bolded values are significant.