Research Article
Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose from Broccoli Stems as a New Biopolymer Source for Producing Carboxymethyl Cellulose Films
Table 1
Variables applied for cellulose extraction, CMC synthesis, and CMC film formation.
| Extraction of cellulose | Concentration of NaOH (M) | Reaction time (hr) | Reaction temperature (°C) |
| 100 | 1.25 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 2.5 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 3.75 | 3 | 5 | 7 |
| Synthesis of CMC | | Concentration of NaOH (M) | Cellulose-to-CAA ratio |
| 5 | 1 : 1 | 1 : 1.2 | 1 : 1.4 | 7.5 | 1 : 1 | 1 : 1.2 | 1 : 1.4 | 10 | 1 : 1 | 1 : 1.2 | 1 : 1.4 |
| CMC film formation | | Concentration of CMC (g/100 mL) | Glycerol addition (g/100 mL (10-30% based on CMC)) |
| 2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 6 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 1.8 |
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