Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose from Broccoli Stems as a New Biopolymer Source for Producing Carboxymethyl Cellulose Films

Table 1

Variables applied for cellulose extraction, CMC synthesis, and CMC film formation.

Extraction of cellulose	Concentration of NaOH (M)	Reaction time (hr)
Reaction temperature (°C)
100	1.25	3
		5
		7
	2.5	3
		5
		7
	3.75	3
		5
		7
Synthesis of CMC
Concentration of NaOH (M)	Cellulose-to-CAA ratio
5	1 : 1
	1 : 1.2
	1 : 1.4
7.5	1 : 1
	1 : 1.2
	1 : 1.4
10	1 : 1
	1 : 1.2
	1 : 1.4
CMC film formation
Concentration of CMC (g/100 mL)	Glycerol addition (g/100 mL (10-30% based on CMC))
2	0.2
	0.4
	0.6
4	0.4
	0.8
	1.2
6	0.6
	1.2
	1.8