| | K ≥ 5.8 mmol/L (N = 131) | K < 5.8 mmol/L (N = 2840) | -value |
| Age, years | 66.5 ± 13.4 | 55.9 ± 12.9 | <0.001 | Female, N (%) | 64 (48.9) | 1683 (59.3) | 0.022 | Serum potassium, mmol/L | 6.10 ± 0.28 | 4.24 ± 0.42 | <0.001 | GFR, CKD-EPI, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 16.9 (30.8) | 78.3 (34.1) | <0.001 | Hypertension, N (%) | 91 (69.5) | 1667 (58.7) | 0.010 | Diabetes, N (%) | 72 (55.0) | 1031 (36.3) | <0.001 | Coronary artery diseases, N (%) | 37 (28.2) | 447 (15.7) | 0.002 | CKD stage ≥ 3, N (%) | 118 (90.1) | 734 (25.8) | <0.001 | CKD stage 3A, N (%) | 8 (6.1) | 384 (13.5) | 0.014 | CKDI stage 3B, N (%) | 22 (16.8) | 227 (8.0) | <0.001 | CKD stage 4, N (%) | 27 (20.6) | 61 (2.1) | <0.001 | CKD stage 5, N (%) | 61 (46.6) | 62 (2.2) | <0.001 | Hemodialysis, N (%) | 34 (26.0) | 41 (1.44) | <0.001 | CAPD, N (%) | 4 (3.05) | 5 (0.18) | <0.001 | Kidney transplantation, N (%) | 7 (5.34) | 41 (1.44) | 0.001 | Medication use | RAASi, N (%) | 38 (29.0) | 438 (15.4) | 0.001 | ACE inhibitors, N (%) | 7 (5.34) | 113 (3.98) | 0.438 | ARB, N (%) | 23 (17.6) | 305 (10.7) | 0.046 | MRA, N (%) | 13 (9.92) | 57 (2.01) | 0.003 | Beta blockers, N (%) | 60 (45.8) | 1189 (41.9) | 0.372 | TMP/SMX, N (%) | 6 (4.58) | 65 (2.29) | 0.219 | Cyclosporine A/tacrolimus, N (%) | 5 (3.82) | 55 (1.94) | 0.271 |
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Data presented as mean ± SD or median (IQR) or unless otherwise indicated. GFR, glomerular filtration rate; CKD-EPI, chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration; CAPD, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; RAASi, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor; ACE inhibitor, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; TMP/SMX, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. |