Indications, Measurements, and Complications of Ten Essential Neonatal Procedures

Table 1

Methods of estimation of optimal measurements of umbilical venous and arterial catheters’ insertion length.

Method	UVC	UAC	Reference
Dunn’s method (1966)	Uses shoulder to umbilicus length and a nomogram to determine the insertion length	Uses shoulder to umbilicus length and a nomogram to determine the insertion length	[13]
Shukla and Ferrara method (1986)			[14]
Wright’s formula (2008)	No proposed formula for UVC		[17]
Vali et al.’s formula (2010)	UVC insertion length equal to the measurement from the umbilicus to the midxiphoid-to-bed distance, measured lateral to the baby		[18]
Verheij et al.’s formula (2013)		No proposed formula for UAC	[15]
Gupta et al.’s formula (2015)			[16]

Abbreviations: UVC: umbilical venous catheter; UAC: umbilical arterial catheter; UN: umbilical-nipple length; ASIS: anterior superior iliac spine; USp: the distance from the umbilicus to symphysis pubis.