Migratory Dates, Breeding Phenology, and Reproductive Success of European Turtle Doves between Lowlands and Highest Breeding Habitats in North Africa

Table 1

Main climatic characteristics in prospected sites, average temperatures, and rainfall, calculated from monthly means of the four study years.

Climatic parameters	Midelt	Beni Mellal
	Altitude (m)	1500	<600
	March-September	20.08 ± 0.69	22.21 ± 0.64
Temperatures (°C)	Annual average	16.05 ± 2.00	18.63 ± 1.81
	Minimal	5.80 (January)	10 (January)
	Maximal	26.80 (July)	34.00 (July)
	March-September	15.55 ± 3.55	25.00 ± 2.19
Rainfall (mm)	Average	15.17 ± 2,24	35.37 ± 6.52
	Minimal	5 (January)	3.5 (July)
	Maximal	29.8 (May)	60.5 (March)
	Annual	181.8	356

Minimal temperatures: the lowest temperature during the coldest month. Maximal temperature: the highest temperature during the hottest month. Average rainfall: the average rainfall of the whole year. Minimal rainfall: the lowest rainfall during the rainless month. Maximal rainfall: the highest rainfall during the rainiest month. Annual temperature: the average of annual temperatures. Annual rainfall: the whole rainfall of the year. All these parameters were calculated for four years.