Journal of Aging Research

Research Article

Comparing the Efficacy of Two Cognitive Screening Tools in Identifying Gray and White Matter Brain Damage among Older Adults

Table 1

Sociodemographic and clinical variables of older adults (N = 90) with no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or moderate cognitive impairment (MoCI).


Variables	NCI	MCI	MoCI
Variables	(n = 39)	(n = 36)	(n = 15)

Age (years)	66.2 ± 4.0^A	69.8 ± 6.5^A	74.1 ± 8.3^B	<0.001
Sex, n (%)
Male	11 (28.2)	9 (25.0)	8 (53.3)	0.120
Female	28 (71.8)	27 (75.0)	7 (46.7)	0.120
Schooling (years)	9.6 ± 3.1^A	7.4 ± 3.1^B	7.5 ± 3.2^B	0.007
Monthly salary, n (%)
1 to 2 minimum wages	23 (59.0)	28 (77.8)	13 (86.7)	0.069
>2 minimum wages	16 (41.0)	8 (22.2)	2 (13.3)	0.069
Level of physical activity, n (%)
Sedentary	8 (20.5)	7 (19.4)	4 (26.7)	0.797
Insufficiently active	16 (41.0)	19 (52.8)	7 (46.7)
Active	15 (28.5)	10 (27.8)	4 (26.7)
Presence of chronic disease, n (%)	30 (76.9)	29 (80.6)	12 (80.0)	0.922
Coronavirus infection, n (%)	12 (30.8)	9 (25.0)	1 (6.7)	0.181
Tobacco use, n (%)	0 (0.0)	2 (5.6)	1 (6.7)	0.299
Alcohol use, n (%)	4 (10.3)	2 (5.6)	2 (13.3)	0.622
Total body mass (kg)	72.3 ± 16.3	68.7 ± 12.9	67.0 ± 14.2	0.396
Height (cm)	159.2 ± 6.6	155.5 ± 7.1	157.6 ± 8.3	0.084
Body mass index (kg/m²)	28.4 ± 5.2	28.4 ± 4.9	26.9 ± 4.5	0.572
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	115.9 ± 13.2	117.3 ± 10.1	112.9 ± 16.0	0.522
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	74.1 ± 8.5	74.9 ± 7.2	71.9 ± 9.5	0.491
Baseline heart rate (bpm)	65.6 ± 11.4	65.1 ± 9.9	61.9 ± 13.4	0.539
Amount of medication (n)	2.9 ± 1.9	2.4 ± 1.8	3.3 ± 2.3	0.299
Activities of daily living (ADLs) (n)	6.0 ± 0.0^A	4.8 ± 0.5^B	3.1 ± 0.9^C	<0.001
Instrumental ADLs (n)	25.8 ± 0.8^A	23.7 ± 1.4^B	17.6 ± 2.9^C	<0.001
Beck Depression Inventory (n)	12.8 ± 8.0	13.0 ± 4.6	9.6 ± 5.1	0.194
Trail-making test part A	50.5 ± 19.1^A	75.4 ± 42.5^A	123.73 ± 66.4^B	<0.001
Trail-making test part B	150.6 ± 65.1^A	265.5 ± 110.6^B	333.63 ± 113.7^C	<0.001
Mini-Mental State Examination (n)	26.5 ± 2.4^A	23.8 ± 2.7^B	18.9 ± 4.4^C	<0.001
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (n)	22.0 ± 2.8^A	16.3 ± 2.6^B	12.9 ± 4.3^C	<0.001

Indicate statistically significant values. Means ± standard deviation (SD) with different letters represents statistically significant values () in the comparison between groups according to the Tukey’s post hoc test.