The Protective Effects of Vanillic Acid and Vanillic Acid-Coated Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Figure 5

(a) The normal renal tissues of the negative control group (G1). (b) The renal tissues of the diabetic rats (G2) with glomerular ischemia and an inflammatory infiltrate of interstitial mononuclear cells. (c) The kidney of the STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with vanillic acid (G3) with mild tubular atrophy, glomerular ischemia, and interstitial inflammation. (d) Minor inflammation or nearly normal renal tissues of G4 treated with vanillic acid-coated AgNPs (arrows show glomerulus) (H&E, ×400).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)