The Protective Effects of Vanillic Acid and Vanillic Acid-Coated Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Table 2

Effect of vanillic acid and vanillic acid AgNP treatment on MDA and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and CAT) in male rats with STZ-induced diabetes.

Parameter.	Statistical tests	G1 (negative control)	G2 (positive control)	G3 (treated with vanillic acid)	G4 (treated with vanillic acid-coated AgNPs)
GST (U/g kidney tissue homogenate)		^a	^c	^b	^b
	LSD
	-test	—	43.59	-9.48	-14.79
SOD (U/g kidney tissue homogenate)		^a	^c	^b	^d
	LSD
	-test	—	31.71	-8.44	-9.31
CAT (U/g kidney tissue homogenate)	Mean ± SD	^a	^d	^c	^b
	LSD
	-test	—	23.52	-17.52	-39.94
MDA (nmol/g kidney tissue)		^d	^a	^b	^c
	LSD
	-test	—	-70.65	20.95	33.37

Data are displayed as (SD). Means with different superscripts (a, b, c, or d) are statistically different at , according to post hoc ANOVA analysis. When they have the same superscript, they are not significantly different at . LSD: least significant difference; NS: not significant. Each group consisted of 6 rats, and tests were repeated 6 times. Statistically highly significant (at ).