The Protective Effects of Vanillic Acid and Vanillic Acid-Coated Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Table 4

The effect of vanillic acid-coated AgNPs on the blood immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG) in male rats with diabetes.

Parameters	Statistical tests	G1 (negative control)	G2 (positive control)	G3 (treated with vanillic acid)	G4 (treated with vanillic acid-coated AgNPs)
IgA (mg/l)		^d	^a	^b	^c
	LSD
	-test	—	-64.49	5.08	14.22
IgM (mg/l)		^d	^a	^b	^c
	LSD
	-test	—	-64.64	9.70	12.48
IgG (mg/l)		^c	^a	^a	^b
	LSD
	-test	—	-28.86	-00.84^NS	11.79

Data are displayed as (SD). Means with different superscripts (a, b, c, or d) are statistically different at , according to post hoc ANOVA analysis. When they have the same superscript, they are not significantly different at . LSD: least significant difference; NS: not significant. Each group consisted of 6 rats, and tests were repeated 6 times. Statistically highly significant (at ).