THQ suspension, blank coconut oil NLCs, and THQ-NLCs subdued the ulcerative index and hemorrhagic erosions on the gastric mucosa of mice due to ethanol-induced gastric ulcers
In vitro lipolysis model/in vivo pharmacokinetic study
Nearly 100% drug loading, lipolysis caused fast digestion of NLCs, a 1.82-fold rise in oral bioavailability in comparison to conventional tablets in beagle dogs
Cellular uptake studies/in vivo pharmacokinetic study
Boosted two-fold oral bioavailability of VCR by prolonging the interaction between positively charged hyaluronic acid-modified NLCs (HA-NLCs) and negatively charged mucous membranes. The smaller size of NLCs enabled internalization into the gastric mucosa
In vitro lipolysis study/in vivo pharmacokinetic/organ distribution studies
Higher drug solubility was observed than drug suspension alone. Bioavailability was significantly higher than the market formulation. Lymphatic uptake of NLC-N2 and NLC-C2 was significantly ( < 0.001) enhanced by 19.25- and 14.5- fold, at 1 h; 7.5- and 6.8-fold after 24 h, respectively, in comparison to TL suspension
Simvastatin and nifedipine-loaded NLCs, both in combination significantly lowered the hypercholesteremic levels, and poloxamer 407 might also have improved the intestinal absorption of NLCs
In vitro gut permeation and in vivo solubilization
Cycloheximide (a lymphatic uptake inhibitor) absence increased the oral bioavailability of ISD by 4.2-fold, improved gut permeation, solubility, lymphatic uptake, and biodistribution
In vitro (J774 murine macrophages)/in vivo colon localization study
BSD-NLCs and blank NLCs were retained for a longer duration in the mucosa, reduced TNF-α secretion, and coumarin-6-NLCs were localized for a prolonged time at the colon even after dextran sulfate- (DS-) induced colitis in mice