Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising from Chronic Osteomyelitis in the Extremities: Treatment Approach and Oncological Outcomes—A Systematic Review of the Literature

Table 2

Demographic and clinical characteristics, and treatment modalities for patients with chronic osteomyelitis-derived squamous cell carcinoma. Data displayed with ± symbol refers to the standard deviation, while data in parenthesis refers to the percentage of patients. IQR: interquartile range, COM: chronic osteomyelitis, AKA: above-the-knee amputation, BKA: below-the-knee amputation.^amedian value

Age at diagnosis of SCC (years)		60.9 ± 11.06
Age at diagnosis of COM (years)		29^a (IQR: 15.46)
Injury duration (years)		29.69 ± 17.23
Follow-up (mo.)		36^a (IQR: 12.60)
Gender (n = 49)	Male	40 (81.6%)
	Female	9 (18.4%)
Etiology (n = 36)	Trauma	27 (75%)
	Hematogenous	3 (8.3%)
	Open wound	5 (13.9%)
	Diabetic foot	1 (2.8%)
Location (n = 49)	Upper limb	2 (4.1%)
	Lower limb	46 (93.9%)
	Pelvis + lower limb	1 (2%)
Site (n = 48)	Humerus	2 (4.2%)
	Femur	5 (10.4%)
	Tibia	25 (52.1%)
	Fibula	1 (2.1%)
	Ankle	1 (2.1%)
	Foot	7 (14.6%)
	Tibia + fibula	5 (10.4%)
	Femur + tibia + fibula	1 (2.1%)
	Pelvic bone + femur	1 (2.1%)
Type of treatment (n = 47)	Amputation	42 (89.4%)
	AKA	17 (36.2%)
	BKA	13 (27.7%)
	Foot amputation	2 (4.3%)
	Ray amputation	2 (4.3%)
	Digit amputation	3 (6.4%)
	Hip disarticulation	3 (6.4%)
	Hemipelvectomy	1 (2.1%)
	Transhumeral amputation	1 (2.1%)
	Limb salvage	5 (10.6%)
	Resection	4 (8.5%)
	Excision	1 (2.1%)
Differentiation (n = 36)	Well	21 (58.3%)
	Moderately	2 (5.6%)
	Poorly	13 (36.1%)
Bone invasion (n = 29)	Yes	24 (82.8%)
	No	5 (17.2%)
Local lymph nodes (n = 31)	Yes	6 (19.4%)
	No	25 (80.6%)
Recurrence (n = 39)	Yes	3 (7.7%)
	No	36 (92.3%)
Metastases (n = 39)	Yes	3 (7.7%)
	No	36 (92.3%)
Current status (n = 37)	No evidence of disease	27 (73%)
	Alive with disease	2 (5.4%)
	Dead	8 (21.6%)