Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising from Chronic Osteomyelitis in the Extremities: Treatment Approach and Oncological Outcomes—A Systematic Review of the Literature
Table 3
Factors potentially associated with increased risk of recurrence, metastasis, and/or all-cause death. COM: chronic osteomyelitis, SCC: squamous cell carcinoma.
Recurrence
Metastasis
All-cause death
Etiology COM
Trauma
4.35% (1/23)
9.09% (2/22)
25% (5/20)
Othersa
0 (0/7)
14.29% (1/7)
28.57% (2/7)
values
0.767
0.579
0.607
SCC differentiation
Well
6.67% (1/15)
13.33% (2/15)
13.33% (2/15)
Moderately
0 (0/2)
0 (0/2)
0 (0/2)
Poorly
0 (0/10)
0 (0/11)
10% (1/10)
values
1
1
1
Bone invasion
Yes
14.29% (3/21)
9.52% (2/21)
10% (2/20)
No
0 (0/4)
0 (0/5)
20% (1/5)
values
0.578
0.646
0.504
Local lymphadenopathy
Yes
0 (0/5)
16.67% (1/6)
60% (3/5)
No
8.7% (2/23)
4.35% (1/23)
18.18% (4/22)
P values
0.669
0.377
0.091
Duration from COM to SCC (years)
>27
13.64% (3/22)
5.88% (1/17)
30% (6/20)
≤27
0 (0/16)
9.52% (2/21)
12.5% (2/16)
values
0.183
0.581
0.199
aother include hematogenous, open wound, and diabetic foot.