Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising from Chronic Osteomyelitis in the Extremities: Treatment Approach and Oncological Outcomes—A Systematic Review of the Literature

Table 3

Factors potentially associated with increased risk of recurrence, metastasis, and/or all-cause death. COM: chronic osteomyelitis, SCC: squamous cell carcinoma.

	Recurrence	Metastasis	All-cause death
Etiology COM
Trauma	4.35% (1/23)	9.09% (2/22)	25% (5/20)
Others^a	0 (0/7)	14.29% (1/7)	28.57% (2/7)
values	0.767	0.579	0.607
SCC differentiation
Well	6.67% (1/15)	13.33% (2/15)	13.33% (2/15)
Moderately	0 (0/2)	0 (0/2)	0 (0/2)
Poorly	0 (0/10)	0 (0/11)	10% (1/10)
values	1	1	1
Bone invasion
Yes	14.29% (3/21)	9.52% (2/21)	10% (2/20)
No	0 (0/4)	0 (0/5)	20% (1/5)
values	0.578	0.646	0.504
Local lymphadenopathy
Yes	0 (0/5)	16.67% (1/6)	60% (3/5)
No	8.7% (2/23)	4.35% (1/23)	18.18% (4/22)
P values	0.669	0.377	0.091
Duration from COM to SCC (years)
>27	13.64% (3/22)	5.88% (1/17)	30% (6/20)
≤27	0 (0/16)	9.52% (2/21)	12.5% (2/16)
values	0.183	0.581	0.199

^aother include hematogenous, open wound, and diabetic foot.