Effect of Honey and Aqueous Garlic Extracts against Short-Term Exposure of Cigarette Tobacco Smoking in Mice: Histopathological and Biochemical Investigations
Table 1
Effect of aqueous honey and garlic extracts on some liver and kidney function parameters in parallel with the inhalation toxicity induced by cigarette smoking (SMK).
Biochemical test
Treatment groups
Control
SMK
Honey
SMK + honey
Garlic
SMK + garlic
Total protein (g/dL)
5.68 ± 0.29
5.20 ± 0.32
5.53 ± 0.38
5.48 ± 0.32
5.87 ± 0.41
5.5 ± 0.33
Albumin (g/dL)
3.31 ± 0.16
2.51 ± 0.13
3.42 ± 0.17##
2.95 ± 0.15
3.25 ± 0.16#
2.91 ± 0.14
Globulins (g/dL)
2.36 ± 0.12
2.69 ± 0.17
2.21 ± 0.32
2.54 ± 0.11
2.62 ± 0.31
2.61 ± 0.14
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)
0.09 ± 0.01
0.09 ± 0.01
0.12 ± 0.01
0.10 ± 0.01
0.09 ± 0.01
0.09 ± 0.01
AST (U/L)
202 ± 12.12
237 ± 11.2
172 ± 20
218 ± 23
159 ± 22.4#
214 ± 12.8
ALT (U/L)
48.6 ± 1.72
58 ± 2.27
51 ± 3.5
49 ± 2.6
51.3 ± 3.2
54 ± 1.85
γGT (U/L)
2.81 ± 0.32
2.84 ± 0.2
2.75 ± 0.5
2.7 ± 0.3
2.33 ± 0.36
2.48 ± 0.26
Creatinine (mg/dL)
0.30 ± 0.01
0.37 ± 0.05
0.30 ± 0.01
0.31 ± 0.01
0.33 ± 0.02
0.36 ± 0.01
Urea (mg/dL)
32.3 ± 0.7
41.2 ± 4.88
38.1 ± 1.44
39.9 ± 1.53
32.2 ± 2.81
3.4 ± 1.6
Cystatin C (ng/ml)
77.4 ± 4.41
90.6 ± 6.23
54.9 ± 3.30##
77.2 ± 4.63
54.5 ± 3.33##
81.5 ± 4.90
, compared with the control group. ##,# compared with the SMK group. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT). Data values are represented in (mean ± SEM); n = 8.
