Journal of Toxicology

Research Article

Acute Oral Toxicological Profile of Croton membranaceus Mull. Arg. Aqueous Stem Extract, a Herbal Treatment for Benign Prostate Hyperplasia, in Male Sprague–Dawley Rats

Table 2

Biochemical indices of S-D rats treated with acute doses of CMASE after 14 days.


Biochemical parameters	Control	Low dose 1000 mg/kg	Median dose 2500 mg/kg	High dose 5000 mg/kg

T-BIL (μmol/l)	0.60 ± 0.35	0.38 ± 0.16	0.44 ± 0.16	0.35 ± 0.06
D-BIL (μmol/l)	1.28 ± 0.24	1.23 ± 0.16	1.00 ± 0.02	1.51 ± 0.16
IBIL (μmol/l)	0.85 ± 0.25	1.10 ± 0.25	1.14 ± 0.09	0.98 ± 0.19
ALT (U/L)	78.15 ± 0.92	60.75 ± 0.57	87.83 ± 0.13^L	73.75 ± 0.86^L,M
AST (U/L)	267.70 ± 0.52	245.30 ± 0.50	395.38 ± 0.04^L	301.90 ± 0.59^L,M
ALP (U/L)	390.78 ± 0.30	435.55 ± 0.32	449.08 ± 0.95^L	304.75 ± 0.39^L,M
Gamma-GT	1.38 ± 0.27	1.60 ± 0.52	1.90 ± 0.58	1.75 ± 0.19
TP (g/l)	66.73 ± 0.71	58.55 ± 0.25	63.23 ± 0.64^L	66.68 ± 0.20^L,M
ALB (g/dL)	35.05 ± 0.78	29.55 ± 0.98	35.40 ± 0.57^L	34.38 ± 0.59^L
Glo (g/dL)	31.68 ± 0.89	28.13 ± 0.40	28.85 ± 0.93	33.78 ± 0.97^L,M
AST/ALT	3.45 ± 0.17	4.53 ± 0.46	5.15 ± 0.67	3.40 ± 0.17
TC (mmol/L)	2.45 ± 0.19	2.09 ± 0.12	1.98 ± 0.17	2.51 ± 0.16
TG (mmol/L)	1.46 ± 0.15	1.27 ± 0.12	1.44 ± 0.14	1.80 ± 0.29
LDL (mmol/L)	0.59 ± 0.09	0.46 ± 0.02	0.45 ± 0.03	0.58 ± 0.06
HDL (mmol/L)	0.99 ± 0.04	0.89 ± 0.04	0.91 ± 0.08	1.09 ± 0.04
CREA (mmol/L)	64.30 ± 0.80	52.39 ± 0.95	56.55 ± 0.53^L	57.87 ± 0.80^L
UREA (mmol/L)	6.15 ± 0.55	6.73 ± 0.32	6.65 ± 0.16	5.34 ± 0.43
URIC ACID (mmol/L)	211.60 ± 0.19	148.33 ± 0.65	175.35 ± 0.02	156.23 ± 0.74^LM

Data are presented as mean ± SEM. n = 5. The symbols and represent and , respectively, whereas, ^L compared to the low dose group. ^M compared to the median dose group (two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test). HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; VLDL = very low-density lipoprotein; SEM = standard error of mean; T-BIL = total bilirubin; D-BIL = direct bilirubin; I-BIL; TP = total protein; TC = total cholesterol; ALB = albumin; Glo = globulin; TG = triglycerides; CREA = creatinine; gamma GT = gamma-glutaryl transferase.