Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology and Treatment of Snakebite Envenomation in West Africa: Case of Benin

Table 4

Some plants used in the treatment of SBE in Benin.

Scientific name	Family	Parts used	Mode of application	References
Lepidagathis anobrya Nees	Acanthaceae	Roots	O	[38]
Phaulopsis imbricata (forssk.) Sweet	Acanthaceae	Whole plant, aerial part	O	[38]
Lannea acida A.Rich.	Anacardiaceae	Roots	Ap	[38]
Annona senegalensis Pers.	Annonaceae	Roots, leaves, stem	O, Ap	[38, 39]
Steganotaenia araliacea Hochst.	Apocynaceae	Roots, leaves, bark	Ap, bath	[38, 40]
Strophanthus sarmentosus DC.	Apocynaceae	Leaves, stem	O, bath	[38]
Thevetia neriifolia Juss. ex Steud.	Apocynaceae	Roots	Ap, O	[38]
Amorphophallus johnsonii N.E.Br.	Araceae	ND	ND	[40]
Leptadenia hastata Vatke	Asclepiadaceae	Aerial part	O	[38, 40]
Acanthospermum hispidum DC.	Asteraceae	Leaves	Ap	[38]
Stereospermum kunthianum Cham.	Bignoniaceae	Bark of roots	Ap, O	[38, 41]
Afzelia africana Pers.	Leguminosae	Roots	ND	[39]
Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam.	Caryophyllaceae	ND	ND	[40]
Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell	Celastraceae	Stem	O, bath	[38]
Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes.	Celastraceae	Stem, leaves	O, bath	[40]
Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth.	Chrysobalanaceae	Leaves	Bath	[38]
Combretum hypopilinum Diels	Combretaceae	Roots	O	[38]
Byrsocarpus coccineus Schumach. & Thonn.	Connaraceae	Stem	Ap, O	[38]
Rourea coccinea (Schumach. & Thonn.) Benth.	Connaraceae	Stem, leaves	O	[40]
Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze	Taccaceae	Rhizome, bark, seeds	O	[38]
Mallotus oppositifolius (Geiseler) Müll. Arg.	Euphorbiaceae	Leaves	O	[38]
Manihot esculenta Crantz	Euphorbiaceae	Branch, leaves, roots	O, Ap	[38]
Manihot glaziovii Müll. Arg.	Euphorbiaceae	Leaves, sap	Ap	[38, 40]
Cassia tora L.	Leguminosae	Seeds, leaves	O	[38]
Cassia occidentalis L.	Leguminosae	Leaves	AP	[38]
Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalziel	Leguminosae	Roots, stem	O, bath	[38, 41]
Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) G.Don	Leguminosae	Bark	ND	[38]
Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) Milne-Redh	Leguminosae	Leaves, roots	O, bath	[38, 41]
Swartzia madagascariensis Desv.	Leguminosae	Leaves	O, bath	[38]
Tamarindus indica L.	Leguminosae	Seeds, whole plant	O, Ap	[38, 42]
Solenostemon monostachyus (P. Beauv.) Briq.	Lamiaceae	Leaves	O	[38]
Strychnos spinosa Lam.	Loganiaceae	Roots	O	[38]
Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.	Malvaceae	ND	ND	[40]
Hibiscus rostellatus Guill. & Perr.	Malvaceae	Leaves	ND	[40]
Sida rhombifolia L.	Malvaceae	ND	ND	[40]
Khaya senegalensis (desv.) A.Juss.	Meliaceae	Roots	ND	[39]
Trichilia emetica Vahl	Meliaceae	Roots	O	[39]
Acacia polyacantha Willd.	Leguminosae	Bark, roots	O	[38]
Acacia sieberiana DC.	Leguminosae	Roots	Ap	[38]
Entada Africana Guill. & Perr.	Leguminosae	Roots, stem	Ap, O, bath	[38, 41]
Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub.	Leguminosae	Bark	ND	[39]
Afrormosia laxiflora (Baker) Harms	Papilionaceae	Stem	Ap	[38]
Erythrina senegalensis DC.	Papilionaceae	Bark, leaves	Ap	[38]
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf	Poaceae	Leaves	Ap	[38, 40]
Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen	Polygalaceae	Bark of roots	O, Ap	[38, 39]
Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd.	Portulacaceae	ND	ND	[38]
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.	Rhamnaceae	Roots	Ap	[38, 40]
Chassalia kolly (Schumach.) Hepper	Rubiaceae	Leaves, roots	Ap, O	[38]
Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck	Rutaceae	Fruit	O, Ap	[39]
Feretia apodanthera Delile	Rubiaceae	Bark, roots	O	[38, 40]
Pavetta crassipes K. Schum	Rubiaceae	Roots, seeds, fruits, leaves	O, scarification	[38, 40]
Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E.A.Bruce	Rubiaceae	Roots	ND	[39]
Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig	Sapindaceae	Bark	Ap	[43]
Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn.	Sapotaceae	Roots, bark	O	[38, 39]
Sterculia setigera Delile	Sterculiaceae	Roots	Ap, O	[38]
Vitex simplicifolia Oliv.	Verbenaceae	Roots, leaves	O	[38]
Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C.Berg	Moraceae	ND	ND	[41]
Combretum collinum Fresen	Combretaceae	Roots	O	[41]
Gardenia erubescens Stapf & Hutch	Rubiaceae	Stem	ND	[41]
Rourea coccinea (Schumach. & Thonn.) Benth.	Connaraceae	Leaves, stem	O	[41]
Haematostaphis barteri Hook.f.	Anacardiaceae	Leaves, bark, roots	O	[44]
Grewia lasiodiscus K.Schum.	Moraceae	Fruit	O	[42]
Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr.	Flacourtiaceae	Leaves, roots	ND	[45]
Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill. & Perr.) Brenan	Leguminosae	ND	ND	[46]

Mode of administration: O: oral application; Ap: local application; ND: not reported.