Research Article

A Theory of Reliance on Individuating Information and Stereotypes in Implicit Judgments of Individuals and Social Groups

Table 1

Summary of sample characteristics.

Study characteristicsStudy 1Study 2Study 3Study 4

SampleStudentsStudentsStudentsStudents
Initial sample size131166207316
#Black, biracial, or race not specified students excludedN/A (not collected)71530
#Of fast IAT responders excluded [34]3326
#Excluded due to failed manipulation checks00N/A68
#Suspicious or not following instructions excluded0000
#Of random deletions to adhere to IRB protocolaN/AN/A2646
Final sample size128156165165
AgeM = 19.03M = 18.93M = 18.59M = 20.53
Race/ethnicityAsian/Asian American: 76Asian/Asian American: 75Asian/Asian American: 86White: 91
White: 36White: 58White: 55Asian/Asian American: 45
Latinx/Hispanic: 12Latinx/Hispanic: 19Latinx/Hispanic: 16Latinx/Hispanic: 26
Identify with another race: 4Identify with another race: 4Identify with another race: 8Identify with another race: 3
GenderWomen: 82Men: 81Women: 120Women: 136
Men: 45Women: 74Men: 44Men: 29
Identify with another gender: 1

M = mean; SD = standard deviation. a The researchers collected more data than the maximum specified by the IRB due to an oversight, so the IRB required data to be deleted and destroyed until the approved sample size was reached. To randomly delete data, a random number generator generated subject numbers from the data file, and the corresponding participants were deleted from the data file. For Study 3, the patterns of results were the same when the sample size was N = 191 as when it was N = 165 with one exception, which will be noted in a footnote. The randomly deleted participants came from the following conditions: 6 from the individual targets with irrelevant, nonsocial information condition; 7 from the individual targets with counterstereotypic individuating information condition; 7 from the group target with irrelevant, nonsocial information condition; and 6 from the group target with counterstereotypic information condition. For Study 4, as a result of the randomized deletions, data from a total of 17 participants from the irrelevant, nonsocial information condition; 14 participants from the 2 pairs of exemplar condition; and 15 participants from the 4 pairs of exemplar condition were removed.