Enablers of Mental Illness Stigma: A Scoping Review of Individual Perceptions

Table 1

Key concepts and their definitions.

Concept	Definition
Stigma	An undesirable and discrediting attribute that disqualifies one from full social acceptance that motivate efforts by the stigmatized individual to hide the “mark” as much as possible [9]
Mental illness	A syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning [10]
Perception	The organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information to represent and understand the presented information, or the environment one lives in [11]
Religious beliefs	A collection of belief systems, cultural systems, and worldviews that relate humanity to spirituality (one’s innate character in relation to human existence) and sometimes to moral values; the system of values or principles of uprightness [12]
Cultural beliefs	That which encompass the behavior patterns and lifestyle of society that is made up of shared symbols, artefacts, beliefs, values, and attitudes; that culture is expressed in rituals, customs, and laws and is perpetuated and reflected in sayings, legions, literature, art, diet, costume, religion, making preferences, child upbringing, entertainment, recreation, philosophical thought, and governance [13]
Structural violence	Social arrangements that systematically bring subordinate and disadvantaged groups of persons into maltreatment, further placing them in danger for various forms of suffering [14]