Research Article
A Comparison of the Effects of Acupressure and Music on Venipuncture Pain Intensity in Children: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Table 1
The demographic characteristics of the participants in the music, acupressure, and control groups.
| | Groups | Music (n = 60) | Acupressure (n = 60) | Control (n = 60) | value | | Characteristics | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) |
| | Gender | | | | | | Male | 29 (48.3) | 29 (48.3) | 30 (50) | = 0.044, 2, | | Female | 31 (51.7) | 31 (51.7) | 30 (50) | | Age (years) | | | | | | <4 | 28 (46.7) | 17 (28.3) | 18 (30) | = 3.08, 2, | | 4–4.9 | 8 (13.3) | 13 (21.7) | 18 (30) | | ≥5 | 24 (40) | 30 (50) | 24 (40) | | Underlying disease | | | | | | Positive | 9 (15) | 11 (18.3) | 17 (28.3) | = 3.54, 2, | | Negative | 51 (85) | 49 (81.7) | 43 (71.7) | | Causes of hospitalization | | | | | | Fever and seizure | 20 (33.3) | 12 (20) | 12 (20) | = 5.48, 6, | | Gastroenteritis | 16 (26.7) | 20 (33.3) | 23 (38.3) | | Respiratory disease | 15 (25) | 14 (23.3) | 15 (25) | | Others | 9 (15) | 14 (23.3) | 10 (16.7) | | History of the previous injection | | | | | | Positive | 20 (33.3) | 27 (45) | 36 (60) | = 8.63, 2, | | Negative | 40 (66.7) | 33 (55) | 24 (40) |
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Chi-square test; Kruskal–Wallis test. |
