Biology of the Endemic Endangered Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio desmondi teita (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), on Wild Citrus Species in Taita Hills, Kenya

Table 3

Mean (±SE) of larval instar duration (days), total larval period (days), and larval instar specific percentage mortality of Papilio desmondi teita reared on Clausena anisata and Toddalia asiatica during the first season (March–May 2021) and second season (June–September 2021) under laboratory conditions.

Larval instar	Season	Host plants
		N	T. asiatica	N	C. anisata
1^st	1^st	96	6.00 ± 0.00	85	—
	2^nd	78	10.77 ± 0.08	—	—
2^nd	1^st	95	6.29 ± 0.05	—	—
	2^nd	77	8.97 ± 0.09	—	—
3^rd	1^st	95	7.92 ± 0.03	—	—
	2^nd	75	11.40 ± 0.13	—	—
4^th	1^st	77	7.44 ± 0.09	—	—
	2^nd	70	12.77 ± 0.16	—	—
5^th	1^st	77	16.90 ± 0.10	—	—
	2^nd	65	22.14 ± 0.20	—	—
Total larval period	1^st		44.55 ± 0.27		—
	2^nd		66.05 ± 0.66		—
Larval instar	Season	Mortality (%)/host plant
		N	T. asiatica	N	C. anisata
1^st	1^st	96	8.51 ± 1.01	85	100 ± 0.00
	2^nd	78	19.04 ± 5.13	—	100 ± 0.00
2^nd	1^st	95	0.88 ± 0.88	—	—
	2^nd	77	3.75 ± 2.14	—	—
3^rd	1^st	95	1.88 ± 0.94	—	—
	2^nd	75	1.33 ± 1.33	—	—
4^th	1^st	77	6.38 ± 4.53	—	—
	2^nd	70	6.72 ± 2.64	—	—
5^th	1^st	77	0.00 ± 0.00	—	—
	2^nd	65	12.41 ± 7.96	—	—
Larval mortality	1^st		24.34 ± 9.09		100 ± 0.00
	2^nd		32.61 ± 3.53		100 ± 0.00

N = number of larvae cohort studied; — indicates no record of numbers/no observation.