The Essential Oils Compounds of Lippia multiflora Moldenke and Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng Repel and Affect the Survival of the Maize Pest Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae
Table 2
Mortality rate of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae after 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours of exposure to essential oils of Cymbopogon schoenanthus, Lippia multiflora, and their combination.
Treatment
L. multiflora
C. schoenanthus
Lm + Cs (3/4 : 1/4)
Lm + Cs (1/4 : 3/4)
Lm + Cs (1 : 1)
Mortality rate of larvae 24 hours after topical application of EOs (%)
Absolute ethanol
0.00 ± 0.00a
0.00 ± 0.00a
0.00 ± 0.00a
0.00 ± 0.00a
0.00 ± 0.00a
1%
6.54 ± 5.26a
36.84 ± 10.68b
26.32 ± 9.99ab
15.79 ± 8.72ab
36.84 ± 10.68b
1.6%
36.84 ± 10.68b
57.89 ± 10.68b
26.32 ± 9.99ab
42.11 ± 10.84b
52.63 ± 10.84b
2%
36.84 ± 10.68b
42.11 ± 10.84b
47.37 ± 10.90bc
42.11 ± 10.84b
52.63 ± 10.84b
2.4%
73.68 ± 9.44c
57.89 ± 10.68b
52.63 ± 10.84bc
42.11 ± 10.84b
63.16 ± 10.39b
3%
100.00 ± 0.00d
94.74 ± 4.75c
78.95 ± 8.72c
84.21 ± 7.78c
94.74 ± 4.75c
Probabilities
= 54.492 df = 5
= 34.685 df = 5
= 27.2 df = 5
= 30.545 df = 5
= 34.895 df = 5
Mortality rate of larvae 48 hours after topical application of EOs (%)
Absolute ethanol
0.00 ± 0.00a
0.00 ± 0.00a
0.00 ± 0.00a
0.00 ± 0.00a
0.00 ± 0.00a
1%
15.79 ± 8.72a
42.11 ± 10.84b
26.32 ± 9.99ab
15.79 ± 8.72a
47.37 ± 10.90b
1.6%
57.89 ± 10.68b
63.16 ± 10.39ab
42.11 ± 10.84bc
57.89 ± 10.68b
63.16 ± 10.39bc
2%
63.16 ± 10.39b
63.16 ± 10.39ab
63.16 ± 10.39c
68.42 ± 9.99b
84.21 ± 7.78cd
2.4%
84.21 ± 7.78bc
78.95 ± 8.72c
73.68 ± 9.44c
78.95 ± 8.72b
84.21 ± 7.78cd
3%
100.00 ± 0.0c
94.74 ± 4.75c
78.95 ± 8.72c
89.47 ± 6.54b
100.00 ± 0.0d
Probabilities
= 54.456 df = 5
= 40.396 df = 5
= 23.32 df = 5
= 46.502 df = 5
= 51 df = 5
Mortality rate of larvae 72 hours after topical application of EOs (%)
Absolute ethanol
0.00 ± 0.00a
0.00 ± 0.00a
0.00 ± 0.00a
0.00 ± 0.00a
0.00 ± 0.00a
1%
21.05 ± 9.44a
42.11 ± 10.84b
31.58 ± 10.39b
47.37 ± 10.90b
57.89 ± 10.68b
1.6%
57.89 ± 10.68b
63.16 ± 10.39bc
63.16 ± 10.39c
68.42 ± 9.99bc
63.16 ± 10.39b
2%
78.95 ± 8.72bc
68.42 ± 9.99bc
85.21 ± 7.78c
68.42 ± 9.99bc
100.00 ± 0.0c
2.4%
89.47 ± 6.54c
84.21 ± 7.78bd
73.68 ± 9.44c
89.47 ± 6.54c
94.74 ± 4.75c
3%
100.00 ± 0.0c
100.00 ± 0.0d
84.21 ± 7.78c
89.47 ± 6.54c
100.0 ± 0.0c
Probabilities
= 59.087 df = 5
= 46.845 df = 5
= 41.88 df = 5
= 43.052 df = 5
= 65 df = 5
Lm: Lippia multiflora; Cs: Cymbopogon schoenanthus; Lm + Cs (1 : 1): combination of Lm and Cs at 1 : 1 ratio; Lm + Cs (1/4 : 3/4): combination of Lm and Cs at the ratio 1/4 : 3/4 respectively; Lm + Cs (3/4 : 1/4): combination of Lm and Cs at the ratio 3/4 : 1/4, respectively. Mortality value of the same column for the same treatment followed identical alphabetic letters is not statistically different (Kruskal-Wallis test P < 0.05).