Review Article
Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells and Their Orthopedic Applications: Forging a Path towards Clinical Trials
Table 2
Examples of the therapeutic applications of MPCs in humans.
| Indications | Source | Mode of administration | Outcome |
| Fracture nonunion | Autologous BM
| 100% hydroxyapatite macroporous ceramic scaffolds with MPCs | X-ray & CT evidence of bone formation: recovered limb function [60] | Autologous BM | Subcutaneous | Correlation between volume of mineralized callus and concentration of progenitor cells in the aspirate [40] |
| Cartilage defect | Autologous BM | Direct site transplantation | Improved clinical symptom and coverage of defect [75] | Autologous BM | Cells embedded in collagen gel transplanted at site of cartilage defect | Improvement in arthroscopic and histologic grading [76] |
| Osteogensis imperfecta | Fetal MSC | Intrauterine transplantation | Osteoblastic differentiation and reduced fracture [77] | Gene-marked Allogenic MPCs | IV infusion × 2 | 5 out of 6 patients demonstrated bone engraftment and increase in bone velocity [78] |
| Critical size defect | Autologous BM | Scaffold loaded | Faster full recovery of limb function than bone graft [59] |
| Craniofacial defect | Autologous Adipose-derived MPCs | Local administration of cells with fibrin glue | CT scans showed new bone formation and near complete calvarial continuity 3 months postoperatively [63] |
|
|
MPC: mesenchymal progenitor cell, BM: bon marrow, IV: intravenous.
|