Secretomes from Mesenchymal Stem Cells against Acute Kidney Injury: Possible Heterogeneity

Table 4

Summary of studies about secretome changes from MSCs in different stimuli.

Stimuli	Increased secretomes	Reference
Hypoxia	Tropomyosin, VEGF, SDF-1, FGF-2, HGF, IGF-1, Oct-4, Rex-1, and IDO	[88, 90–93]
IFN-γ	IDO, PGE-2, and Gal-9	[93–96]
TNF-α	Gal-9, BMP-2, VEGF, SDF-1, FGF-2, HGF, and IGF-1	[91, 96, 97]
TLR signal	Gal-9	[96]
Inflammatory stimuli (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-20, and TNF-α)	CXCL-16, GRO, ENA-78, MIP-1-delta, osteoprotegerin, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, IL-6, GCP-2, and IL-2RA	[98]
LPS	VEGF, SDF-1, FGF-2, HGF, and IGF-1	[91]
3D culture	TSG-6, STC1, TRIL, IL-24, and CD82	[100–102]
Nanosilicate	More than 4000 gene expression change	[103]
Aging	Increase: miR-335	[85, 86]
	Decrease: TNFR, IFNGR, CCR7, miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-132
TGF-β	Cytoskeletal factors (e.g. T-platin, gelsolin)	[99]
	Matrix synthesis factors (e.g., collagen-binding protein 2)
	Membrane proteins (e.g., annexin A6, annexin A2)
	Metabolic enzymes (e.g., thioredoxin reductase, transaldolase, and malate dehydrogenase)

LPS: lipopolysaccharide; 3D: 3-dimensional.