Review Article
Regulation and Directing Stem Cell Fate by Tissue Engineering Functional Microenvironments: Scaffold Physical and Chemical Cues
Table 2
The applications of phytochemicals for stem cell.
| Phytochemical | Affecting signal transduction pathway | Target stem cell(s) | Potential application(s) | Reference |
| Icariin | PI3K/Akt and STAT3 | ASCs | Diabetes-associated erectile dysfunction | [148] | ERK and p38 MAPK | BMMSCs | Proliferation | [143] | SDF-1alpha/HIF-1alpha/CXCR4 | BMMSCs | Migration | [139] | PI3K and ERK1/2 | BMMSCs | Angiogenesis and neurogenesis | [149] | Resveratrol | SIRT1/FOXO3A | Human embryonic stem cells | Osteoblastic differentiation | [144] | AMPK | BMMSCs | Osteogenic differentiation | [140] | AMPK/Ulk1 | Embryonic stem cells | Pluripotency | [150] | SIRT1 | Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells | Neural repair of Alzheimer’s disease | [151] | Quercetin | p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK | BMMSCs | Osteogenesis | [141] | TNF-alpha | BMMSCs | Osteogenesis | [152] | BMP2, Smad1, Smad4, RUNX2, OSX, and OPN expression and Smad1 phosphorylation | BMMSCs | Differentiation | [153] | Curcumin | Self-renewal genes, Notch1 and Hes1 | Neural stem cells | Proliferation | [154] | Caveolin-1 | Epidermal stem cells | Proliferation | [155] | Glucocorticoid receptor and STAT3 | Embryonic neural stem cells | Proliferation | [156] | TERT gene | ASCs | Improve lifespan | [157] |
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