Prevalence and Predictors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Prison Inmates in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Descriptive summary of 37 studies reporting the prevalence and associated factors of pulmonary tuberculosis among prison inmates included in the systematic review and meta-analysis in sub-Saharan Africa, 2020 ().

Author (year)	Country	Study design	Method of diagnosis	Specimen type	Sample size	QS (10pts)	Prevalence with 95% CI
Abebe et al. (2011) [36]	Ethiopia	C-S	AFB, culture	Sputum	371	7	2.07 (2.6, 5.5)
Adane et al. (2016) [37]	Ethiopia	C-S	AFB, culture	Sputum	809	7	3.45 (2.8, 10.7)
Addis et al. (2015) [38]	Ethiopia	C-S	AFB, culture	Sputum	384	7	4.9 (1, 18)
Agajie et al. (2018) [39]	Ethiopia	C-S	AFB	Sputum	84	8	11 (10, 29)
Gizachew Beza et al. (2017) [40]	Ethiopia	C-S	GeneXpert	Sputum	265	7	8.4 (8, 15)
Biadglegne et al. (2014) [41]	Ethiopia	C-S	GeneXpert	Sputum	200	7	7 (5, 21)
Dibissa et al. (2019) [42]	Ethiopia	C-S	AFB, culture, and GeneXpert	Sputum	249	8	6 (5, 28)
Gebrecherkos et al. (2016) [43]	Ethiopia	C-S	FM, GeneXpert	Sputum	282	7	6.04 (5, 16)
Merid et al. (2018) [44]	Ethiopia	C-S	AFB, GeneXpert	Sputum	372	9	5 (1, 20)
Moges et al. (2012) [45]	Ethiopia	C-S	FM	Sputum	250	7	6 (1, 22)
Mohammed (2017) [46]	Ethiopia	C-S	AFB, culture	Sputum	765	9	3 (2, 16)
Winsa and Mohammed (2015) [47]	Ethiopia	C-S	AFB	Sputum	196	7	6 (2, 34)
Zedro et al. (2014) [48]	Ethiopia	C-S	AFB, culture	Sputum	124	8	8 (3, 35)
Adane et al. (2019) [49]	Ethiopia	C-S	AFB	Sputum	1124	9	3 (1, 14)
Adesokan et al. (2014) [50]	Nigeria	C-S	Culture	Sputum	164	9	7.7 (5, 16)
Chigbu and Iroegbu (2010) [53]	Nigeria	C-S	Culture	Sputum	168	9	13 (7, 16.7)
Ekundayo et al. (2015) [51]	Nigeria	C-S	AFB	Sputum	52	9	12 (2, 46)
Lawal et al. (2009) [52]	Nigeria	C-S	AFB	Sputum	2002	8	2 (1, 6.7)
Banda et al. (2009) [58]	Malawi	Retrospective	AFB	Sputum	3794	9	2 (1.7, 4.6)
Kanyerere et al. (2012) [59]	Malawi	C-S	AFB	Sputum	2217	8	2 (0.5, 10)
Mpeirwe et al. (2016) [60]	Uganda	C-S	FM, culture	Sputum	140	8	8 (6, 5.19)
Owokuhaisa et al. (2014) [61]	Uganda	C-S	AFB	Sputum	248	7	6 (2, 25)
Zishiri et al. (2015) [55]	S.A	C-S	GeneXpert	Sputum	4945	9	1.4 (1, 6)
Telisinghe et al. (2014) [54]	S.A	C-S	AFB, culture	Sputum	968	8	3 (1, 14)
Nyasulu et al. (2015) [56]	S.A	C-S	AFB, FM	Sputum	1140	7	3.5 (1, 15)
Jordan et al. (2019) [57]	S.A	C-S	GeneXpert	Sputum	31547	8	0.6 (0.2, 4)
Habeenzu et al. (2007) [72]	Zambia	Case finding	AFB, FM, and culture	Sputum	1921	8	8 (2, 17)
Maggard et al. (2015) [63]	Zambia	C-S	FM	Sputum	7638	8	4 (3.1, 9)
Henostroza et al. (2013) [62]	Zambia	C-S	FM	Sputum	1430	7	2.4 (1, 21)
Noeske et al. (2011) [65]	Cameroon	Case finding	AFB, culture	Sputum	3219	8	1.7 (0.9, 7.7)
Noeske et al. (2006) [64]	Cameroon	C-S	AFB, culture	Sputum	2474	7	2 (0.3, 7.4)
Séri et al. (2017) [66]	Côte d’Ivoire	C-S	AFB, culture	Sputum	943	9	3 (1, 15)
Kwabla et al. (2015) [67]	Ghana	C-S	AFB	Sputum	111	7	9 (7, 20)
Sesay (2016) [68]	Ghana	C-S	GeneXpert	Sputum	149	7	8 (5, 19)
Mmbaga (2013) [69]	Tanzania	C-S	AFB	Sputum	448	8	5 (3.9, 13)
Kalonji et al. (2016) [70]	DRC	C-S	AFB, FM	Sputum	733	9	3 (1, 24.3)
Kayomo et al. (2018) [71]	DRC	C-S	GeneXpert	Sputum	918	6	2.9 (1, 27.4)

Key: AFB: acid-fast bacilli; FM: fluorescence microscopy; C-S: cross-sectional; S.A: South Africa; DRC: Democratic Republic Congo; SNNPR: Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region; QS: quality score.